They’re not James, and you know it. Acts 19:18 is about new believers in the city of Ephesus publicly acknowledging the dark practices they’d been into, even those who had practiced magic burned their books publicly. It was an outward confession of their new belief in Christ and their deliverance from their dark practices through Him.
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You call it it “giving glory to God” we call it repentance. I have no objection to this interpretation as long as that giving Glory also means “getting right with God” through sincere repentance, confession of sins and forgiveness of sins as essential to one being in a “right relationship” with God and therefor necessary for salvation.
Since there are no words here in scripture that explicitly say “you are absolved” nor are there words that say “you are not absolved” nor are there words that say “these confessed to give glory to God” then we are left with no literal accounts for “why” these confessed. For those outside of our apostolic Catholic faith one must make a conjecture.
We can’t resolve any of this here from scripture alone to your personal satisfaction. But we do know from handed down tradtion/ECF writings that baptism was the principal means of forgivness of sins. But a person falling into grave post-baptismal sin was usually given an opportunity for a “second” chance after public confession through apostolic absolution along with an accompanying strict penance (often 1 or many years of fasting, praying) before they would be received back into full communion with the Church to partake of the celebration of the Eucharist (the body & blood of Christ).
I give some patristics below. But I want to first communicate something else here. The apostolic authority of loosing and binding sins is contingent on the judgement and criteria of the individual apostle (a spiritual rank of bishop). Before The Catholic Church normalized the critera through cannon law bishops of the Early Church were free to use their own personal criteria/policy necessary for forgivness. In the early church criteria were very severe. Most early Christians might only get a single life opportunity to repent again and be forgiven of post-baptismal sins. Early Christians were EXTREMELY pious and devout and would rather die for their faith than sin in God’s sight. None wanted have to confess new sins and face the public shame of doing long penance before their brothers.
The Church the apostles and their successors would permit public open confessions from the assembly at large and would forgive them by extending their hands over their heads and absolve them by prayer and evoking Jesus’ name. Laying on of hands was a sign of forgiveness - a sign the Catholic Church still does to this day (for those who confess face to face rather than behind the curtain (where the apostolic priest still raises his hands while invoking Christ’s name to grant absolution). My own read of scripture, admittedly speculative, suggests that for logistics and travels St. Paul may have granted absolution in absentia through trusted mediators he gave strict guidelines for absolution (I must assume ordained ones). He seems to have routinely prayed in abstenta for those entrusted to his flock (diocese) - possibly invoking the apostolic absolution at distance.
John 20:23 If you forgive anyone his sins, they are forgiven; if you do not forgive them, they are not forgiven."
[ed: the apostles are given the divine authority to forgive sins in Jesus’ name and they are at liberty to judge and set their own standard for who is worthy of forgiveness. The Catholic Church in modern times imposes only one criteria - being baptised {normatively of the Catholic faith – unless by special exception/permission} and being repentant and being sincere in desire to fully return to God]
Acts 2:38 Peter replied, "Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins. And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.
[ed: adult baptism performed after repentance is efficacious in forgiving ALL sin - baptism is an extremely powerful sacrament!]
2 Cor 2:10 If you forgive anyone,** I also forgive him**. And what I have forgiven—if there was anything to forgive—
I have forgiven in the sight of Christ for your sake, 11in order that Satan might not outwit us. For we are not unaware of his schemes.
[ed: Paul is an apostolic authority and personally has the spiritual authority to loose sins in the name of Jesus and does so here by a forgiveness-convention he has has he authority to establish and has entrusted by pre-approval]
James 5:14-16 Is any one of you sick? He should **call the elders of the church **to pray over him and anoint him with oil in the name of the Lord. 15And
the prayer offered in faith will make the sick person well; the Lord will raise him up. If he has sinned, he will be forgiven.
[note: this is apostolic absolution that is tied to the anointing of the sick - aka Last Rites]
Patristics:*
Do not come to prayer with a guilty conscience." Epistle of Barnabas, 19:12 (A.D. 74).
“
In church confess your sins, and do not come to your prayer with a guilt conscience. Such is the Way of Life…On the Lord’s own day, assemble in common to break bread and offer thanks; but first confess your sins, so that your sacrifice may be pure." Didache, 4:14,14:1 (c. A.D. 90).
“Moreover, it is in accordance with reason that we should return to soberness[of conduct], and, while yet we have opportunity,
exercise repentance towards God. It is well to reverence both God and the bishop.” Ignatius, Epistle to the Smyraeans, 9 (c. A.D. 110).
Father who knowest the hearts of all grant upon this Thy servant whom Thou hast chosen for the episcopate to feed Thy holy flock and serve as Thine high priest, that he may minister blamelessly by night and day, that he may unceasingly behold and appropriate Thy countenance and offer to Thee the gifts of Thy holy Church. And that by the high priestly Spirit he may have authority to** forgive sins**…" Hippolytus, Apostolic Tradition, 3 (A.D. 215).
More Patristics here:
Scripture Catholic: ECF - Oral Confession
Bottom Line:
The early Church most definitely did not believe in a “by faith alone absolution” except in the sacrament of baptism. Apostolic absolution was available for those who fell from initial conversion grace - but it was rare for any one individual since these were held to high expectations of avoiding sin.
James