The branches that were cut off from the vine (Spiritually speaking) were the Jewish nation. They held prior to Christ the only inheritance to God while the rest of the world was without hope.
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To say that John 15:1–6 is not about salvation is a fairly ridiculous statement to make. Let’s look at this passage for a moment. Jesus is the vine. The vine has branches. The branches are Christians. If you are joined to Christ, you are a Christian. In other words, the branches are those that have been saved through faith in Christ. So, these branches represent “saved” Christians.
Now, Jesus says that the branches must abide in Him in order to bear fruit. We can do nothing apart from Christ. But, He also says that “every branch of Mine” that does not bear fruit, will be taken away. And what happens to these branches of His that do not bear fruit when they are taken away from Him – when they are separated from the vine? They are cast forth, they wither, they are thrown into the fire, and they are burned.
I don’t think being taken away from Christ…being separated from Christ…being cut off from the vine…then withering, and then being thrown into the fire to be burned, is a good thing. And who is it that is thrown into the fire to be burned? Does John say it was only those that were never branches of the vine? No. Does it say that it was only those that thought they were branches of the vine but they really weren’t? No. John records Jesus as saying “every branch of Mine” – Jesus is talking about the branches that are connected to Him. The branches of the vine that is Jesus Christ. Christians, in other words.
If a Christian, who has been saved, by the grace of God, through faith, does not produce fruit, by the grace of God, then Scripture records that he will be “taken away” – cut off from the vine; and that he will wither – die spiritually; and be cast into the fire to be burned – end up in Hell.
To say that this passage is not about salvation is patently absurd. What does it mean to “wither” in this context, if not die spiritually? What else does it mean to be cast into the fire and burned in this context, if not spending eternity in Hell? What are the branches of the vine in this context, if not saved Christians?
Are the branches non–Christians? If so, how so? Are non–Christians branches of the vine which is Christ? Absolutely not! Does getting cut off from the vine for not bearing fruit mean that these people really weren’t saved in the first place? If so, how so? If they weren’t really saved in the first place, then how did they get to be branches of the vine? Does being cut off from the vine – being cut off from Jesus Christ – somehow mean that you are still saved, even though you’ve been separated from Christ? If so, how so? Does withering somehow not refer to spiritual death? If so, how so? Does being thrown into the fire and burned actually mean one is saved instead of damned? If so, how so?
Look3467 is right that one is not saved by bearing fruit, but that is not the argument here. One cannot bear fruit unless one is already saved. The argument here, however, is can one lose one’s salvation if he doesn’t bear fruit? It is very obvious, from this passage as well as many others, that one does not automatically bear fruit even though they have been saved. And, if they do not bear fruit, they will lose their salvation. Again, bearing fruit does not save us, but not bearing fruit can lead to our damnation. Because to whom much has been given, much is expected. And if we do not live up to the expectations…well, as Paul says in 1st Corinthians 10, “Let anyone who thinks that he stands take heed, lest he fall.”
And, one final observation about this passage: in the first six verses of John 15, Jesus uses the word “abide” five times. We have to “abide” in Christ in order to be saved. If we do not abide in Christ, we will not be saved. To abide denotes a process, not a one–time event. Salvation is a process, not a one–time event. And how does it say we “abide” in Christ…by making a one–time profession of faith? No. Verse 10: “If you keep My commandments, you will abide in My love.” Salvation by faith alone”? I don’t think so. Once saved, always saved? I don’t think so.