itinerant1;3246808:
Primary cause
I have listened to philosophy professors of all stripes who had no idea their understanding of primary cause was seriously amiss. This is what happens when one neglects reading Aristotle.
God is not the first cause to be conceived as first in a horizontal series, so to speak, of lesser causes stretching back in time to the instant of creation.
Instead, we say that God is the primary cause in a series of contingent or lesser causes in which he continally maintains in existence (at every instant) all of these contingent causes. It helps if one thinks of this series of causes as a vertical series, rather than horizontal.
These two definitions are not mutually exclusive,they are both true. As I said in an earlier post,God is always
creating.
But if the theory of evolution (not to be confused with the scientific evidence for the theory) is swallowed whole by theistic evolutionists,then the only place for God is at the beginning of time,because the theory itself makes the processes of nature into the origins of life forms. Theistic evolutionists may say “and this is how God does it”,but the theory itself and the scientific community say otherwise. God is not even in the picture,and the theory is “credible” enough without God,who is in-credible to science. So as usual,belief in a Creator is relegated to the subjective,the unnecessary. And God
must be considered necessary to Nature in order to be a real God.
Two things can be said to be either diverse of different from one another. Red is different from green, while horses are diverse from rocks.
I did not imply that creation *ex nihilo *excludes creation as forming. God does both, but only God can create *ex nihilo. *Man and Nature both create, in a manner proper to each, by forming and fashioning. Neither man or Nature can create without God. Everything that man comes from God, and his very existence is maintained each instant by God. Nature is
directed by Divine Providence, and is likewise maintained in existence by God.
Divine Providence is not a subject to be addressed by science. So, it helps when speaking of evolution, to specify which theory of evolution you have in mind. Granted that no matter what there will always be much confusion on such a complicated topic.
Hence, when primary cause is properly understood, it is seen that Nature is not being said to operate independently of the highest cause. Divine Providence is not being ruled out as you have suggested.
But God as primary cause,in the full sense,is
not properly understood,either by theistic scientists or by Catholics who believe in the theory of evolution. If they did,the theories of evolution would have to be converted into theories of creation. If a Creator who is always creating is let into equation,then the naturalistic interpretation of origins (which leads to scientific pantheism) must give way.
This is not necessarily so. I know of theistic scientists and Catholics who accept a particular theory of evolution who correctly understand primary cause. I.D. theorists are specifically the ones who do not correctly understand primary and secondary causes.
Furthermore, proofs for the existence of a First Cause, Unmoved Mover, and so on, do not, and cannot, involve the idea of a God who creates. Such a notion is extraneous to the proofs. Furthermore, the idea of creation *ex nihilo *cannot be arrived at by any argument from reason.
Creatio ex nihil is strictly a matter of Revelation and faith. Hence, your statement shows the need for a better understanding of primary cause. Primary cause from the understanding of human reason does not involve the idea of God creating
ex nihilo.
Aristotle’s God is certainly not the personal God of Christianity, as you noted. Aristotle is showing what can be proven from the natural light of reason. What we know about God from faith, has been Revealed by God, and is above what man can naturally know by philosophical investigation such as was admirably achieved by Aristotle. We cannot expect from true non-Christian philosophy that which is achieved by Christian philosophy. The latter is externally guided by the higher truths of Revelation.
This should suffice as an answer to your comment below.
Aristotle did not believe in a deity that interferes with the world. He did not believe that eternity could communicate with history. Aristotle rejected as vulgar the anthopomorphic gods of the pagans,and made God out to be like an abstraction – pure,eternal thought which thinks only of itself and has no potential. But the God of Jews and Christians is anthropomorphic
in the sense that God is a person who loves,and he is described in scripture in terms of human emotions. And God does communicate and interfere with the world. God is not only Being (as Plato would have it,and as the Greek version of the Hebrew scriptures has it),but love. When St. Paul went to Athens and preached,he did not win many converts among the philosophically educated Greeks. They thought that the idea of God coming down from heaven in the form of a man to save humanity was an absurdity.