Is Islam an inherently peaceful or violent religion (I’m not talking about all individual Muslims, I’m talking about Islam itself), and does it threaten Judeo-Christian/western civilization? Are the violent verses in the Qur’an and the Hadith truly violent, or just taken out of their historical context? What is your view on Islam as a whole?
What is a “religion” in the first place? In what way can a “religion” be “inherently” anything?
Or, in other words, do “religions” have essences?
As I see it, the only way a religion can have an essence is for a religion to be true. Insofar as a religion is not true, it’s just a bunch of ideas and practices. It can’t be “inherently” anything. Furthermore, religions are very large, complex things with multiple possibilities for interpretation.
Yes, of course there are “violent” passages in the Qur’an and hadith, as there are in the Bible. We should also question the term “violence.” Do you mean “any use of force” or is there a hidden assumption that we are talking about unjust or unprovoked force?
Rather than asking about the original historical context–which is important but not the most important factor in any traditional religious reading of a sacred text–we should be asking about how Muslims have traditionally understood these passages and what resources are available for Muslims today who depart from the traditional readings either in more or less violent ways.
The traditional Sunni position is that the caliph is obliged in principle to wage war on non-Muslim governments with the intention of subjugating the whole world to Islam (not of converting everyone to Islam, but of making them acknowledge Islamic supremacy). Temporary truces are possible, but a permanent state of peace between Muslim and non-Muslim governments is not envisioned in the traditional Sunni lawcodes, as far as I know.
“Ordinary” Muslims are generally obligated to fight only if Islam is being attacked.
ISIS claims to have restored the caliphate, but very few Muslims accept their claim.
Furthermore, many, perhaps most Muslims today believe that these codes applied to a world in which one could expect non-Muslim governments to be hostile toward and intolerant of Islam, even if they weren’t actively engaged in attacking Muslims at a given moment.
Most Muslims, in other words, interpret the concept of “armed jihad” or “external jihad” (there’s also the “internal jihad” against evil within oneself) in a defensive sense, very similarly to the Christian concept of “just war.” And also, like just war, jihad has certain rules it’s supposed to follow. Mainstream Islamic scholars have condemned 9/11 and similar attacks as violating Islamic laws of war.
Edwin