Continuation
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CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA Divine Providence.
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Life everlasting
promised to us, (Romans 5:21);
but unaided we can do nothing to gain it (Rom.7:18-24).
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This, the beneficent purpose of an all-seeing Providence, is
wholly gratuitous, entirely unmerited (Romans 3:24; 9:11-2).
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It extends to
all men (Romans 2:10; 1 Timothy 2:4),
even to the reprobate Jews (Romans 11:26 sq.); and by it all God’s dealings with man are regulated (Ephesians 1:11).
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It extends to every individual, adapting itself to the
needs of each (St. John Chrysostom, “Hom.xxviii in Matt.”, n. 3 in “P.G.”, LVII, 354).
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All things are created and governed
with a view to man, to the
development of his life and his intelligence, and to the satisfaction of his needs (Aristides, “Apol.”, i).
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His wisdom He so
orders all events within the universe that the end for which it was created may be
realized.
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The universe is a system of real beings created by God and
directed by Him to this supreme end, the
concurrence of God being necessary for
all natural operations, whether of things animate or inanimate, and still
more so for operations of the supernatural order.
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(
Concurrence = Agreement or union in action: COOPERATION) – In the brackets is addition.
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God preserves the universe in being;
He acts in and with every creature in each and all its activities.
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Thus things happen
contingently as well as of
necessity (I, Q. xxii, a. 4), for God has given to different things different ways of acting, and
His concurrence is given accordingly (I, Q. xxii, a. 4).
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Yet all things, whether due to
necessary causes or to the
free choice of man, are foreseen by God and
preordained in accordance with His all-embracing purpose.
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Hence Providence is at once
universal, immediate,
efficacious, and without violence:
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Universal, because
all things are subject to it (I, Q. xxii, a. 2; ciii, a. 5); immediate, in that though God acts through secondary causes, yet all alike
postulate Divine concurrence and receive their powers of operation from Him (I, Q. xxii, a. 3; Q. ciii, a. 6);
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Efficacious, in that
all things minister to God’s final purpose, a purpose which
cannot be frustrated (Contra Gent., III, xciv);
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In spite of sin, which is due to the willful perversion of human liberty,
acting with the concurrence, but contrary to the purpose and intention of God and in spite of evil which is the consequence of sin,
He directs all, even evil and sin itself, to
the final end for which the universe was created.
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Evil He converts into good (Genesis 1:20; cf. Psalm 90:10); and
suffering He uses as an instrument whereby to train men up as a father traineth up his children (Deuteronomy 8:1-6; Psalm 65:2-10;
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Nor would God permit evil at all, unless He could draw good out of evil (St. Augustine, “Enchir.”, xi in “P.L.”, LX, 236; “Serm.”
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Evil, therefore, ministers to God’s design (St. Gregory the Great, op. cit., VI, xxxii in “P.L.”,
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12510a.htm
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