Matt16_18:
If you are that interested in seeing the evidence, you can always go to Lourdes yourself, and examine the original documents and the sworn testimony of the doctors involved in this case.
It is the responsibility of the person making an assertion (that seeing does not depend on DNA) to support his/her assertion with evidence and references. You have not done so. This remains very very poorly referenced and carries no more weight than a fairy tale.
This is merely your opinion. You haven’t shown by science that evolution creates human souls.
This with regard to the fact that literal Adam and Eve did not exist. Your point is a non sequitur. The fact is that the molecular evidence disallows the possibility of a bottleneck of two individuals in the human lineage.
The key finding is that analysis of common alleles in highly polymorphic loci in human and chimpanzee indicate no severe bottleneck since the divergence of human and chimpanzee lineages.
This is supported by:
- analysis of the major histocompatibility complex - specifically the human leucocyte antigen - DRB1:
Ayala, ‘The myth of Eve, Molecular biology and human origins’, Science 270, 1930 - 1936
- Beta-globin:
Harding et al, ‘Archaic African and Asian lineages in the genetic ancestry of modern humans’, Am J Hum Genet 60, 772 - 789
- Apolipoprotein C II:
Xiong et al, ‘No severe bottleneck during human evolution; evidence from two apolipoprotein C II alleles’, Am J Hum Genet 48, 383 -389
Rogers and Jorde, ‘Genetic evidence on the origin of modern humans’, Hum Biol 67, 1 - 36, show that a modest bottleneck of 10,000 individuals is consistent with the data.
This minimum population size of 10,000 individuals throughout hominid history is also supported by mitochondrial genetic diversity:
Takahata, ‘Allelic genealogy and human evolution’, Mol Biol Evol 10, 2 - 22;
By Y-chromosome data:
Hammer, ’ A recent common ancestry for human Y-chromosomes’, Nature 378, 376 - 378
By nuclear DNA:
Takahata et al, ‘Diversion time and population size in the lineage leading to modern humans’, Theor Popul Biol 48, 198 - 221
All of this evidence refutes the possibility that humans derive genetically from two individuals within the last 6 million years.
At its absolute simplest, if we consider a highly polymorphic locus like DRB-1 in the Human Leucocyte Antigen complex we find 58 human alleles. By carrying out analyses of the pan-speciific alleles we can determine the likely coalescence dates of alleles, by derivation of a phylogenetic tree from pan-specific divergence of individual alleles. That indicates that all 58 alleles persisted through the last 500,000 years of human evolution. The 58 alleles coalesce to 44 lineages by 1.7 Myr BP and to 21 lineages by 6 Myr BP (the approximate date of divergence of human and chimpanzee ancestors). Since anatomically modern humans emerge at 125,000 years BP and culturally modern humans at 50,000 years BP, and the human lineage polymorphism at this locus is 58 alleles during this period, this puts a mathematically logical lower limit on the minimum human populatrion size during culturally modern human existence of 29 individuals which in itself destroys the concept of monogeny.
Formal population genetics demands a much larger population than 29 individuals for the maintenanence of 58 alleles in a situation of neutral drift and balanced evolution (where heterozygosity has more fitness than any homozygosity), and the conclusion from these quantitative evolutionary analyses is that the minimum human population bottlemneck was around 10,000 individuals.
Alec
evolutionpages.com
These are excellent points. I think that if one has to assume that Mary was a genetic aberration to maintain the position that she provided all of the DNA of Jesus, that it is time to abandon this idea. To be a natural mother of Jesus, Mary needed to provide nothing more that half of Jesus’ DNA.
