And yet in the current code of Canon Law:
Your quote from the canons is what I was referring to when I said that Pope John Paul II had changed the rules about Latin. Since 1983, the rule is that you must be able to do more than read it. You must be proficient in Latin. Those who are not proficient in it are going to shy away from the Latin mass in either form. Let’s remember that the OF is also celebrated in Latin, not just the EF.
In my own community, very few of our friars are allowed to celebrate it, because they cannot speak the language. If you watch EWTN, not all of their friars celebrate it either. They have only three friars who speak it fluently. The others can read it and follow along with an English translation. But the law is that you must be proficient.
In the old days, you did not have to know Latin. You needed enough Latin to get by, as we say. In the new code of canon law you have to know it as one would know a second language. The rule also applies for mass in other languages. If you’re a priest or deacon, you must speak that language with proficiency.
Proficiency does not mean like a native speaker. It does mean that you understand more than just a few words that you’ve memorized. You should be able to understand new phrases and words that come up as the calender changes. The Ordinary parts of the mass remain the same, but the propers do not. That’s where the deacons and priests get caught with the new Latin requirement. When you open the book and you find a prayer with words and expressions that you have not memorized, you’re in trouble if you can’t interpret their meaning. The law requires that you be able to do so. You can’t just translate. You must be able to interpret. The commentaries are very clear on the meaning of “understand”.
Having tuaght in the seminary and in religious theologates, I can tell you that unless you’re getting an advanced degree in theology, you’re not going to be exposed to enough Latin to claim proficiency. You have to study it on your own or take courses outside of school. There is no time in the curriculum for Latin. As it is now, the Church’s degree requirements are very stringent. This is for a simple Master’s of Divnity. It takes four years to complete it, when other Master’s degrees take only two years. Just for an M.Div, which is not a research degree, it’s much more practical, there are required courses in all kinds of disciplines, about 60 - 70 credits in all, over and beyond the BA degree.
The average deacon and priest does not get theology degrees, because those are longer and heavy on the research papers, plus they require more rigorous examinations, theses, and foreign languages. Instead, they go for the Divinity Degree which is still four-years long.
There is an M.Th. or Masters of Theology. It’s a two-year degree, but it does not meet the Church’s requirements for deacons, priests and brothers. It’s the M.Div or bust, unless you belong to a religious order that has different requirements. Those are too many to go into in this thread and off topic.
To conclude, I understand why the average deacon and priest shy away from the mass in Latin, in either form. They don’t feel comfortable with the language requirement. I studied it for six-years to get my degree, four as an undergrad and two more as a grad student. I can testify that if you don’t use it, you lose it. When I was an educator I used it a great deal. Now that I do pro-life ministry I rarely read anything in Latin. Everything is translated into the European languages. Even at the Vatican you need Italian, not Latin, to work there. All the documents are translated into Italian. When you enter a conference room with the Holy Father, he speaks in Italian, no longer in Latin.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF
