The “Bosom of Abraham” was a temporary place where the souls of the righteous went (who were ultimately destined for Heaven) before the Resurrection of Jesus, because the Gates of Heaven were closed to all of them until that point in time. But, all of that changed as soon as Jesus rose from the dead. Those souls immediately went to Heaven when Jesus opened the Gate by His Resurrection. They were all waiting for the Messiah to come and do that. But, the souls of the damned were already in Hell, ever since the time of their own death. That’s because of the immediate judgement that we all face when we die.
Yes. I believe the good thief went to join all the other souls in the Bosom of Abraham that were already waiting for the Messiah. After the Resurrection, they could all go to Heaven because the Gates were finally open.
This is a description of the Final Judgement at the end of time, when the souls of the dead will all be reunited with their bodies at the general resurrection. So, “people” certainly will be cast into hell, body and soul. But, their souls were already there since their personal judgement, when they died.
It doesn’t imply that, at all. This passage is also about the resurrection of the body and Final Judgement. So, their bodies will definitely be “raised” when Jesus returns. But, the souls of all those who have died in Christ, are already with Him in Heaven. Why should anyone have to wait until the end of time to be with Jesus, when He already opened the Gates of Heaven for them?“Matthew 24: [30] And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then shall all tribes of the earth mourn: and they shall see the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with much power and majesty. [31] And he shall send his angels with a trumpet, and a great voice: and they shall
gather together his elect from the four winds, from the farthest parts of the heavens to the utmost bounds of them.”
The angels will gather the elect “from the four winds” (on earth) and “from the farthest parts of the heavens”. How else would you interpret them being gathered from the “heavens”?
Once again, this is referring to the Final Judgement that happens after the general resurrection, when all souls will be reunited with their bodies. Then, the righteous will go to Heaven and the condemned will be cast into Hell, forever.
Before the Resurrection of Jesus that was partly true, but only because the Gates of Heaven were sealed, and no souls could enter. That’s why there was a special place set aside for the souls of the righteous, where they still had to wait for the Messiah to open the Gates for them. But, all souls receive an immediate personal judgement at the moment of death, to determine whether their final destination will be Heaven or Hell. Once they’re judged, our souls will immediately go to their proper place.
I can understand why you would think Enoch and Elijah would be there. It’s hard to ignore the fact that they are specifically mentioned in the Bible. But, why would you ever think that the good thief would be more privileged than Mary, or the Apostles (who were also Holy Martyrs, except John)? What about all the other great prophets and holy people of the OT, or the many great Saints from the past 2000 years, who all seem much more likely to be there than the good thief?