The belief in Limbo, or purgetory.
Purgatory is more of a “something that happens to you” not a “place we end up”. The idea is that we need to be perfect to be in the presence of God. Most aren’t. So our souls need to be cleaned or “purged” of any sins. When the Gates to Heaven were closed by Adam’s sin the rightous who died rested in the Bosom of Abraham aka Limbo. Waiting for the Redeemer God promised us.
Purgatory in Scripture
scripturecatholic.com/purgatory.html
~The belief in “trickling” baptism as opposed to the the way that jesus was baptisted in full emersion
The Bible never says how much water to use. It just says water. There was no indoor plumbing back then,so no bathtubs. When Saul was baptized in Acts 9:18 it just says " he got up and was baptized". Right where he stood.
Pouring and Sprinkling versus Immersion in Scripture
scripturecatholic.com/baptism.html#baptism-IV
~The high place that Mary has in catholic doctrine. Why is she prayed to? Why do many catholics beleive that she was sinless throughout her entire life?
**We ask Mary to pray to her Son for us. Just like I can ask you to pray for me. When the prayers are answered we know it was God and not her that answered them just like I know it would not be you who answered them. **
THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY in Scripture
scripturecatholic.com/blessed_virgin_mary.html
~The high place that saints have in catholic belief. Why are they are called upon to ask for forgivness? Where does the process of calling someone a saint come from? as i understand it it is very long and involved.
Saints in Scripture
scripturecatholic.com/saints.html
~Why did the catholic church only alow the bible to be in latin for such a long time? I understand this may not be the beleif of the contemperary catholic church, but if anyone knows why this was done in the first place?
In the Catholic ( in Greek=Universal ) Church when you attend Mass (Latin=Dismissed) no matter where you are in the world all are on the same page. The Scripture you hear in the USA is the same in Italy and China. And having a “universal” language helped. Because now it is in everybody’s language I can not understand the Mass in China or Italy, whereas before I could have.
~Why is the bible not the only source of catholic doctrine?
Which came first? The Bible or the Church? It was through the Church that the Bible came to be,not the other way around. Jesus taught the Apostles who then taught the rest of the church and then wrote. The Author came first then the Book.
Is Scripture Alone found in Scripture?
scripturecatholic.com/scripture_alone.html
~Why exactly what roles to the various councils through out the years have in influencing catholic doctrine?
Councils
newadvent.org/utility/search.htm?safe=active&cx=000299817191393086628%3Aifmbhlr-8x0&q=councils&cof=FORID%3A9#890
EWTN’s Library
ewtn.com/vlibrary/search.asp
~Why is it that the catholic church and the lutheran church are so at each others throats, and yet theologically the Lutheren church is the closest to Catholicism of any protostant denominations.
Martin Luther was a Catholic monk who broke with the Catholic Church and started his own “church” in 1517ad. It was then the “Protestant Reformation” began. Before that? There were no Protestant Denominations!
You have to read about the “Protestant Reformation”!!!
How Old Is Your Church?
ewtn.com/faith/teachings/churb4.htm
~Why does the pope hold such a high regard? why do people fall to his feet and kiss his hand as if he is higher than everyone on the planet? it says in Gods word that nobody is rightous, not even one. Why is a sinner treated as if he were perfect? Catholics may not believe that he his, it just seems that many treat his as if he is.
Pope is Latin for “poppa” which means “father”,and like a father he leads us to Jesus.Just like Peter did.
**
List of Popes**
newadvent.org/cathen/12272b.htm
The Church in Scripture
scripturecatholic.com/the_church.html
Primacy of Peter in Scripture
scripturecatholic.com/primacy_of_peter.html
Apostolic Succession in Scripture
scripturecatholic.com/apostolic_succession.html
Whew! I hope that helps! At least it gets you started!

God Bless!