The immaculate misconception

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That’s a good point.
Thank you. 🙂
According to Christian theology God does not forbid things because their bad, things are bad because God forbids then.
Nope. That is NOT Christian theology. At all.
According to this principal: if God commanded everyone who was not a virgin to rape all the virgins, such rape would become a moral act.
:rolleyes:
Moreover, God doesn’t feel bound by any of the laws he places on us.
That is why whenever God kills (or commands others to kill) its not murder.
Because anything God does is right and moral by definition.
How did you *EVER * get from the part you bolded in my post to your conclusion? God created us. We belong to Him. We can murder and kill and slaughter because in doing so we take lives that DO NOT BELONG TO US. God cannot because our lives BELONG TO HIM.
 
Please take your time. I am sorry you were shocked, and believe me, so was I. But we can take solace that most posters said: “they would not change their life at all”. And that includes both the believers and the atheists. After all, most people lead a “proper” life, even though it might not not be “proper” in every detail in the eyes of those whose basic world-view is diametrically different. All I can say, do not take it too seriously. I hope you see now that I did not just “make up” what I said.
I didn’t think that you made-up anything - at least not consciously. I’ve been accused of doing that and I know what it feels like. I was hoping that you misunderstood. You obviously didn’t. But then I shouldn’t have been shocked because there are some very cruel, evil people that happen to claim membership in the Catholic Church just as there are very cruel, evil people that happen to claim membership in every other church and faith in the world.

It’s still a shame and it’s still very sad.
 
Now, I want to emphasize something: I am very unhappy that this is the case. I would very much like a “kind, loving, just, powerful” overseer to make enforce a world that both you and I consider “proper and just”. That would be the job for a God, if there were one.
There is one. And He is Love, literally.
 
Of course you are aware that history is always written by the victors, and not the losers. If the Nazis would have won (a horrible thought) the history would be very different. It was not the “right philosophy” which won the war, it was the fact that the allies had more money and more weapons. Whoever has more power, will declare what is “right”, and what laws are “just”.
Oh how I agree with you here! My sister has a history book from an elementary school that she somehow ended up with (I think the school staff decided that it wouldn’t be used again; she didn’t steal it). Over about 15 years we changed the history in that book by writing comments in it, drawing, whatever (yeah, I know books should be treated with respect but this was one awful book and it did belong to my sister; I’m not putting this statement in here for you but for anyone who thinks that what we did was wrong). I’ve probably read that book ten times. And it’s laughable. The US won the Revolutionary War because we were right and England was wrong and finally decided that their soldiers couldn’t win because we were just so good at fighting and the English marched and blew their bugles while we clever Americans hid behind trees and waited until we could see the “whites of their eyes” before firing our squirrel guns and THAT is why we won. No mention of the French. Just heroic, patriotic Americans giving their lives for freedom. And Paul Revere with his famous midnight ride that he never made. Over and over, mistake after mistake. I’m sure it’s just as bad today.
Unfortunately there is no such “right”. Any “right” is a social construct, where the stronger one (currently the governments) declare that some activity can be carried out without fear of repercussions. There are no “rights” on a desert island, there are no rights outside a society.
The difference between a “just” and an “unjust law” is that if we agree with it, it is considered “just”, and if we disagree with it, it is “unjust”. Just consider this dilemma: “what is the difference between a heroic freedom fighter, and a despicable terrorist”? The answer is simple: if he was on your side, you will consider him a freedom fighter, if he was against you, he is a terrorist.
There are laws which trump man-made laws. Divine Laws are not subject to change and are not decided by consensus. Every human being, even one on a desert island, has rights. Whether she is given those rights by other human beings and whether those rights are even recognized by other human beings is one thing. But that those rights exist is fact. Certainly God does not recognize unjust laws written and enacted by fallible, sinning human beings. And Catholics are not required to adhere to unjust laws. That is definitely Church teaching (and I can find it in the CCC because I was very active in a medical marijuana thread and used that teaching as the basis for my position).
 
Not even believers will agree with you. Ask the Jews who held a court after the Holocaust and who convicted God (in absentia) for breaking the covenant with them.
So if a group of sinning, fallible people convicted God for allegedly breaking the covenant with them that means that God broke the covenant? I don’t think so. I think it means that this group of Jews who convicted God did not understand that God does not break covenants.
 
Spock, I have been searching for a post that I thought you wrote but I can’t find it. But when I read it (part of it was about game theory) I put it in the back of my mind and thought about it for awhile. I don’t know anything about game theory (sadly enough, as I should) and I googled it but I’m kind of groggy from pain meds and not thinking at my best right now.

There was something you said (and I may have it all wrong) but it bothered me. I got the impression that you believe that being kind and compassionate are good because by being that way you end up receiving what you want - more so than if you acted in a cruel, “bad” way.

Is this your position? :confused:
 
Interesting conversation, Spock. Here is my take on that conversation:

ATHEIST: What would you do if God commanded you to rape and murder? Would you follow his command?

CATHOLIC: That presupposes that God would command such a thing in the first place. We claim that reason not only demonstrates the existence of God, but also that God acts and wills in conformity with his nature, which is good and loving.

ATHEIST: Read your Bible. God ordered Abraham to sacrifice Isaac and stopped the process at the last minute. God ordered the Israelites to kill all the men, women, and boys and keep the virgins for themselves. God personally killed all the humans and all the animals. Is that a sign of love?

CATHOLIC: There are many ways to respond to this. Let me try a more fundamental approach. As I said, the Catholic Church claims that the existence of God can be known with certainty through reason. She also claims that, through historical investigation, we can know that God incarnated in the man Christ Jesus and that he founded the Catholic Church. These are facts, we claim, that can be known by all. They are also preliminary to the assent of faith. That is, recognizing them as facts is our basis for trusting in God and what he has revealed. Now, part of that revelation is the inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture. That means that the inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture is an article of faith to be believed by faith.

ATHEIST: So?

CATHOLIC: See, your biblical examples, as you interpret and present them, are meant to undermine the classical theistic notion of the benevolence of God. Therefore, you are suggesting that the Bible contains theological error, and that is an attack on the inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture. That is really what is meant by your biblical examples. However, the inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture is an article of faith to be believed by faith. We believe the things that God has revealed are true not because the intrinsic truth of the things is plainly perceived by reason, but because of the authority of God who reveals them, who can neither deceive nor be deceived. In other words, we have certainty of the inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture not because we have read every page of the Bible and have found no error in it, but because it has been revealed to us by God. Now, it may be the case that the Bible contains what appears to be error, such as theological error, but because of the certainty of faith, we must say that the appearance of error is just that, appearance. Pope Leo XIII, in Providentissumus Deus, quotes St. Augustine:
St.Augustine:
On my part I confess to your charity that it is only to those Books of Scripture which are now called canonical that I have learned to pay such honour and reverence as to believe most firmly that none of their writers has fallen into any error. And if in these Books I meet anything which seems contrary to truth, I shall not hesitate to conclude either that the text is faulty, or that the translator has not expressed the meaning of the passage, or that I myself do not understand.
ATHEIST: Isn’t that irrational?

CATHOLIC: No, not if God is an infallible authority that has revealed that Scripture is inspired and inerrant. So you see, attacking an article of faith is futile. Rather, your efforts should be at attacking the basis for faith itself - the existence of God, the incarnation of Christ Jesus, the authority of the Catholic Church, etc. Now, I do not agree for a moment with your crude interpretation and presentation of the Bible, but these fundamental principles of faith and reason do gut entirely what was meant by your biblical examples.

ATHEIST: How convenient.

CATHOLIC: What is convenient? That I did not conform to your caricature? Heh.
 
What is premeditation? Is it possible for a ten year-old to use premeditation? What about someone who is retarded? Is there a specific IQ cut-off point? Is there a time limit as to premeditation? How do you measure premeditation? Take a very ill elderly woman who mumbles as she lies in her bed. She is in pain and she is perhaps demented. She says “Kill me.” Or at least that is what she *appears *to say. To some of her family around her that is what it sounds like. To others it does not. One of her family members kills her. Is it murder? Was there premeditation? How do you know? What about the alleged Mormon concept of “blood atonement?” Is that murder? In another post you said that killing the enemy during war is murder. It doesn’t seem to fit this new definition. What about self-defense? If an enemy soldier pops up from where he has been hiding and I react by shooting him have I shown premeditation?
I am very glad that you do not see the world in black and white. All your questions must be considered as valid and proper questions - because one size does not fit all. I am most willing to explore each and every one of them.
I don’t think the concepts of the “collective unconscious” or Kohlberg’s stages are any kind of “mumbo-jumbo.”
Ah, the Kohlberg’s stages. It has been decades since I encountered them, in a slightly different format. It that scenario there were 5 stages. But that hardly matters. Unlike the “collective subconscious” it is a legitimate attempt to categorize the level of morality. We can again explore them in due course.
Why is ‘turning the other cheek’ “a very bad and ineffective strategy?” What does “turning the other cheek” do, in your opinion?
Not just my opinion. It means “give in to the agressor”. It encourages the abusive behavior. The problem of conflict resolution is very complicated, it can be studied as part of game theory. Depending on the pay-off matrix, there must be a balance and a mixture between the cooperative and the adversarial strategies. Neither the “meek”-type of “do not resist evil” nor the “let us retaliate”-type of strategy works well.
There is one. And He is Love, literally.
Unfortunately he never shows his face and does not wield the sword of Justitia. So, I will have to continue my skeptic ways. As I said, it would be nice… but I don’t see either him, or his actions.
 
There are laws which trump man-made laws. Divine Laws are not subject to change and are not decided by consensus.
Two questions here. Where are those laws? And, PLEASE, do not say that nonsense that they are inscribed in the human heart. And second, who enforces those laws? God most certainly does NOT. And an unenforced law is not worth the price of the paper it is NOT written upon. 🙂
Every human being, even one on a desert island, has rights. Whether she is given those rights by other human beings and whether those rights are even recognized by other human beings is one thing. But that those rights exist is fact.
We are looking at the same thing and see two different things. You say that there are “rights”, but they are “violated”. I say that there are “no rights”. Where is the enforcer of those alleged “rights”? By the way, I am always willing to contemplate “facts”. How are you going to substantiate that the existence of those “rights” is a “fact”??
Certainly God does not recognize unjust laws written and enacted by fallible, sinning human beings.
Unfortunately God is too gun-shy. He never comes out of his heavenly abode, and says: “ok, guys, enough is enough”. From now on, you will behave, or the retribution will happen right here and now!
And Catholics are not required to adhere to unjust laws. That is definitely Church teaching (and I can find it in the CCC because I was very active in a medical marijuana thread and used that teaching as the basis for my position).
Out of sheer curiousity: what was your position? I would be willing to bet dollars to cents that your position was like mine: “the prohibition of marijuana is wrong!” - even though we might disagree on certain points…
So if a group of sinning, fallible people convicted God for allegedly breaking the covenant with them that means that God broke the covenant? I don’t think so. I think it means that this group of Jews who convicted God did not understand that God does not break covenants.
Those poor Jews - survivors of the unspeakable horror of the concentration camps were right to conduct such a trial. Too bad that God (as usual) never showed up and told “his side of the story”. Without the “defense” ever showing up, the “prosecution” automatically wins - by default. What is funny is that those Jews kept on worshipping Yahweh anyway… now that I cannot comprehend.
 
Spock, I have been searching for a post that I thought you wrote but I can’t find it. But when I read it (part of it was about game theory) I put it in the back of my mind and thought about it for awhile. I don’t know anything about game theory (sadly enough, as I should) and I googled it but I’m kind of groggy from pain meds and not thinking at my best right now.

There was something you said (and I may have it all wrong) but it bothered me. I got the impression that you believe that being kind and compassionate are good because by being that way you end up receiving what you want - more so than if you acted in a cruel, “bad” way.

Is this your position? :confused:
Not exactly but pretty close. There is no “one size fits all” strategy. (And don’t worry too much about game theory, it takes a few years in college to learn it, but even intuitively you can grasp some of its results.)

But generally speaking, yes. The concept of “what goes around, comes around”, while somewhat crude, is still mostly valid. So USUALLY it is a better strategy to be cooperative rather than being adversarial - but not always.
 
Interesting conversation, Spock. Here is my take on that conversation:

<snip - because of the 6K limitation on the length of posts>
Very well… Let us explore this scenario. I will copy and modify the atheist’s answers, but leave the believer’s text alone… since I am not in the position to speak for them.

ATHEIST: What would you do if God commanded you to rape and murder? Would you follow his command?

CATHOLIC: That presupposes that God would command such a thing in the first place. We claim that reason not only demonstrates the existence of God, but also that God acts and wills in conformity with his nature, which is good and loving.

ATHEIST: You can “claim” whatever you want… Claims are dime a dozen. Can you substantiate that your claim is true??? How can pure reason (which does not allow any appeal to faith or revelation) come to such conclusion? Because reading the Bible the picture is quite different.

CATHOLIC: There are many ways to respond to this. Let me try a more fundamental approach. As I said, the Catholic Church claims that the existence of God can be known with certainty through reason. She also claims that, through historical investigation, we can know that God incarnated in the man Christ Jesus and that he founded the Catholic Church. These are facts, we claim, that can be known by all. They are also preliminary to the assent of faith. That is, recognizing them as facts is our basis for trusting in God and what he has revealed. Now, part of that revelation is the inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture. That means that the inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture is an article of faith to be believed by faith.

ATHEIST: Unfortunately at this point you already deviated from you claim to using pure reason (and nothing else). Those “claimed” historical “facts” are nothing but parts of some stories, told decades after the alleged events occurred. There are no outside corroborating descriptions of these events. Your apppeal to faith does not resonate with us, since that faith is unsupported. And since you are at it… you could show that the value of “pi” is exactly “3” as “claimed” by the inerrant Bible… I can hardly wait. 😉

CATHOLIC: See, your biblical examples, as you interpret and present them, are meant to undermine the classical theistic notion of the benevolence of God. Therefore, you are suggesting that the Bible contains theological error, and that is an attack on the inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture. That is really what is meant by your biblical examples. However, the inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture is an article of faith to be believed by faith. We believe the things that God has revealed are true not because the intrinsic truth of the things is plainly perceived by reason, but because of the authority of God who reveals them, who can neither deceive nor be deceived. In other words, we have certainty of the inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture not because we have read every page of the Bible and have found no error in it, but because it has been revealed to us by God. Now, it may be the case that the Bible contains what appears to be error, such as theological error, but because of the certainty of faith, we must say that the appearance of error is just that, appearance.

ATHEIST: Of course they are meant to do exactly that… and not just “attempt”, but succeeed. You keep on referring to articles of “faith” contrary to your original assertion that only “pure reason” will be used. You lose your credibility at an alarming rate.

CATHOLIC: No, not if God is an infallible authority that has revealed that Scripture is inspired and inerrant. So you see, attacking an article of faith is futile. Rather, your efforts should be at attacking the basis for faith itself - the existence of God, the incarnation of Christ Jesus, the authority of the Catholic Church, etc. Now, I do not agree for a moment with your crude interpretation and presentation of the Bible, but these fundamental principles of faith and reason do gut entirely what was meant by your biblical examples.

ATHEIST: More conjectures based upon “empty, blind faith”. You promised fully rational arguments, and did not present even one…

CATHOLIC: What is convenient? That I did not conform to your caricature? Heh.

ATHEIST: Well, the usual outcome has appeared again. You promised a fully rational approach and immediately deviated from your promise. You did not offer even ONE rational explanation to the atheist’s comments. Now you declare the points the atheist bought up as a “caricature”… Do you really think that it will be accepted? The synopsis offered is anything BUT a caricature. Your “so called answers” were not rational, they explicitly were “faith based”. Try it again, but try to stick to your declared methods… rationality! And do not tell me that the “Church claims that reason and faith cannot be contradictory”… unless you can bring up a fully rational argument to support it… remember: “claims are cheap”, and “claims are dime a dozen!” And get hold of that Catholic-annotated-Bible which would give you some actual ammunition to support your arguments. 😉 So you could actually argue instead of evading the arguments.
 
You are shifting the topic, Spock. The atheist asked the Catholic what he would do if God ordered him to do this or that. That is a question about Catholic theology, and the Catholic offered the Catholic answer. The atheist then attacked an article of faith with an appeal to Scripture (as interpreted and presented by him). Here, too, the atheist asked a Catholic question, and the Catholic gave the Catholic answer. Supporting the underpinning reasoning of the answers is an altogether different topic - that of religious apologetics. The Catholic gave answers proper to the discussion, and then the atheist shifted the discussion to something else entirely.

The reason I say you hold to a caricature is because it is absolutely true. You hold to pretty asinine ideas about infallible lists and so forth, and then you comment on how convenient it is that we don’t meet your false expectations. I corrected you months ago on why these ideas are terrible, but you still cling onto them. I was not surprised to learn that you are quite an old man, so maybe I should forgive the senility. 😉
 
You are shifting the topic, Spock. The atheist asked the Catholic what he would do if God ordered him to do this or that. That is a question about Catholic theology, and the Catholic offered the Catholic answer. The atheist then attacked an article of faith with an appeal to Scripture (as interpreted and presented by him). Here, too, the atheist asked a Catholic question, and the Catholic gave the Catholic answer. Supporting the underpinning reasoning of the answers is an altogether different topic - that of religious apologetics. The Catholic gave answers proper to the discussion, and then the atheist shifted the discussion to something else entirely.

The reason I say you hold to a caricature is because it is absolutely true. You hold to pretty asinine ideas about infallible lists and so forth, and then you comment on how convenient it is that we don’t meet your false expectations. I corrected you months ago on why these ideas are terrible, but you still cling onto them. I was not surprised to learn that you are quite an old man, so maybe I should forgive the senility. 😉
If the catholic claims that he is going to give a fully rational answer and then immediately violates his own stipulation then he is not worth to consider… since he contradicted himself. Age has nothing to do with it. Rationality does - and you failed. I am most certainly willing to consider a “catholic” answer, but only if it is based on reason and not on “blind faith”. I am not interested in hearing unsupported dogma. If you cannot present a rational argument, then you have no reason to participate.

You say: “Supporting the underpinning reasoning of the answers is an altogether different topic…” but of course it is an integral part of any intelligent conversation. You “claim” something and fail to substantiate it, and there you are - holding an empty bag… and then you have the gall to call the criticism a “caricature”… no way, Jose… a very cheap attempt to wiggle out from an “inconveeeeenient” position.

Show me how to interpret those passages according the “infallible” catholic church. Quote the “infallible” teachings, issued by “infallible” teachers. You like to call the request “asinine” - now step up to the plate and prove that the interpretation was false. How conveeeenient to declare something unpalatable to be a “caricature”… without showing WHY it is a caricature. Where is the beef? (Yes I am old enough to remember that wonderful commercial.)
 
Of course we are all deserving of hell! That is why Jesus died for us. He paid for our sins with His life.
And this is the world your supposedly loving God deliberately created (remember he’s all-knowing AND all-powerful). A world where everyone deserves to be tortured forever after they die.

A world where that is the natural result of people just doing what comes naturally.
 
Thank you. 🙂

Nope. That is NOT Christian theology. At all.

:rolleyes:

How did you *EVER * get from the part you bolded in my post to your conclusion? God created us. We belong to Him. We can murder and kill and slaughter because in doing so we take lives that DO NOT BELONG TO US. God cannot because our lives BELONG TO HIM.
God is the owner so he has a right to treat his property however he likes then?:rolleyes:
 
Death is also the consequence of doing anything else.

Everyone dies eventually:shrug:
There’s the expression: die like a dog. No one shrugs that off. Any human being who is put down like a dog,even to light classical, is not a happy person Men and women constantly look ahead; dogs, only to their next meal, as far as we know.
 
God is the owner so he has a right to treat his property however he likes then?:rolleyes:
God is the creator. He treats each creature in accordance with its nature. He treats human beings in accordance with their nature, as intelligent creatures. That is, as beings who have the ability to perceive things in way different from other animals. He owns us as he owns each minute particle and wave of matter. But there is something else: Something that enables us to move independently, in a way that things of comparable mass cannot move, and without lifting a finger. “Man is a reed, but a thinking reed,” as Pascal said.
 
I went to Rome, and of course visited the Vatican museums. I saw the result of the “great castration”, the mutilation of those magnificent Greek and Roman statues. In my book that is definitely “prudish”. Of course, authoritarian is also very precise.
Like any society that has lasted a long time, there are fashions. I think the bowdlerization you observed is more of a fashion of a certain period rather than a main current of Catholic thought. There are for example, depictions of naked monks climbing up the trellis of convents, that appear in the margin of prayer books.

Well, obviously I disagree. My basic stance (which by now should be pretty obvious) is that we should treat others as “responsible adults”, and respect their right to choose their lifestyle, as long as it does not violate others. It can be best described as: “the right of my fist ends where your nose begins”. I respect other people, I respect their decisions, I assume that they know what is good for them. I respect their “right” to make foolish mistakes. I deny that “I am my brother’s keeper”, who is assumed to “know better”, and who is assumed to interfere whether such interference is welcome or not. And I demand the same respect.
Do you mean “foreigners”, or “aliens”? The word alien can mean “space aliens”. If you mean foreigners, wht is that a problem? America became what it became because of the accepting “those dayum foreigners” with open arms. The sooner we get rid of those foolish borders, the better we are off. The old “tribal” mentality should be replaced with the notion that we are all “fellow human beings”, regardless of our heritage. Is that antithetical to christianity? I don’t think so.
I meant foreigners. As you probably expect, I like Spanish American immigration because it increases the number of Catholics in the country. I hope you did not construe the comment otherwise. Immigration control is undertaken by most modern governments on secular bases. Officially, our government does not enact or promulgate immigration laws for religious purposes. Obviously, the amount of immigration is in part linked to the amount of native reproduction. The number of people in a country is a national concern of modern, secular governments. I was saying that to that extent, the Catholic regulation of sexual conduct could be viewed as acheiving a secular end.

Please understand, I make no effort to defend government tendencies regarding immigration. I believe that they are anti Catholic. If one looks in the Magna Carta, one finds that immigration is contingent on one thing: the immigrant’s willingness to swear fealty to the sovereign. That’s Catholic. In contrast, modern governments want to control immigration because the rulers do not want to be challenged by too many people who will not support them. The desideratum is enough immigrants to depress the cost of labor and keep the natives worried, but not too many to upset the status quo.
am again glad for our agreement.
As am I. It might be worthwhile to add that our agreement on many things does not come as a surprise. Both the thinking atheist, like you (as opposed to the doctrinaire one, like a Pol Pot or Kim Jung Il) and the traditional Catholic, like me, have this in common: whatever our disagreement on who or what is or is not God, we both refuse to worship the government or the capitalist.

Cheers!
 
If the catholic claims that he is going to give a fully rational answer and then immediately violates his own stipulation then he is not worth to consider…
See, this is where you err. No where did I claim I was going to engage in religious apologetics. You asked for the Catholic view on a question, and I gasp gave you an outline of the Catholic views. Supporting those views with religious apologetics was not part of the question.

Here is the digest version: you were attacking an article of faith (i.e., the inerrancy of Scripture), and I told you why it is foolish to do so. To a Catholic, your attempts are utterly gutted by a Catholic understanding of faith. My job was not to convince you our views, but to explain them and show why your point is totally neutered given them.
 
I’m having trouble understanding your argument. And what does the existence of God have to do with whether the strong get what they want?
If I answer your question as posed, Spock will (rightly) accuse me of derailing his thread.

Let me answer it in a secular way, then. From your point of view, nothing, because within the parameters Spock wishes to discuss, there be no God to punish or restrain or inform anyone.

From the (putatively ignorant or incorrect) Catholic point of view, we object (for whatever foolish reasons) to the strong getting what they want, merely because they are strong.

In deference to the OP, let us leave Catholic moral and theological reasons out of it, for the nonce.

We Catholics regulate sexuality on the basis of our (perhaps foolish) belief that there should be equity between neighbor and neighbor. This means that each man and woman is entitled to one mate, the sexes being about evenly divided. In the same way, we say that if there are five people and five loaves of bread, each should get one loaf.

That would be the secular reasoning underlying our claim to regulate sexual behavior.

Again, as I concede, I do not argue that our reasoning may not be misguided, or stupid, or juvenile. It may be that the sheiks of Araby, or Hugh Heffner, have had it right all these years. I am simply stating that just as modern secular governments impose a vision of justice on their subjects, Catholic “morality” can also be viewed in a secular light.

Again, I am not claiming that everyone will like the worldview. Mr. Heffner, and King Abdullah, will raise many persuasive objections, no doubt. But Spock did not ask me to advance a popular defense, just a secular one.

Alles klar, ja?

Cheers!
 
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