But, the Jews that did not accept Jesus broke their Covenant with God. Therefore, they were the Chosen people, they no longer are.
We pray for all non-Catholics to be converted. From the 1962 Good Friday prayers:
We pray for Jews, heretics, schismatics, and pagans/infidels. That’s pretty much everyone.
God Bless
The Jews have renounced God himself at various points throughout their history (the Golden Calf, etc). They lost the Ark of the Covenant, and the Temple. They endured captivity in Babylon. God remained with them nonetheless.
From the Catechism:
God forms his people Israel
62 After the patriarchs, God formed Israel as his people by freeing them from slavery in Egypt. He established with them the covenant of Mount Sinai and, through Moses, gave them his law so that they would recognize him and serve him as the one living and true God, the provident Father and just judge, and so that they would look for the promised Savior.20
63 Israel is the priestly people of God, “called by the name of the LORD”, and “the first to hear the word of God”,21 the people of “elder brethren” in the faith of Abraham.
64 Through the prophets, God forms his people in the hope of salvation, in the expectation of a new and everlasting Covenant intended for all, to be written on their hearts.22 The prophets proclaim a radical redemption of the People of God, purification from all their infidelities, a salvation which will include all the nations.23 Above all, the poor and humble of the Lord will bear this hope. Such holy women as Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel, Miriam, Deborah, Hannah, Judith and Esther kept alive the hope of Israel’s salvation. The purest figure among them is Mary.24
We should also note that God keeps His covenants—the covenant with Noah, for example, remains in effect, as per the Catechism:
58 The covenant with Noah remains in force during the times of the Gentiles, until the universal proclamation of the Gospel.13 The Bible venerates several great figures among the Gentiles: Abel the just, the king-priest Melchisedek - a figure of Christ - and the upright “Noah, Daniel, and Job”.14 Scripture thus expresses the heights of sanctity that can be reached by those who live according to the covenant of Noah, waiting for Christ to “gather into one the children of God who are scattered abroad”.15
This, by the way, is a good teaching to understand before locking horns with fundamentalists who view Revelation as a prophecy of the end of the world rather than as a prediction of the persecution under Nero (because if the former were true God would have abrogated his covenant with Noah).
The Catholic Church clearly believes the covenant with Noah exists perfectly alongside the New Covenant. Why shouldn’t it?