As to this issue of “full communion,” I’ll never understand it. What is full communion? You’re in communion, or not.
Let’s see if this helps. There are degrees of communion with the Church. For example, the Church holds and believes that all Christians have an imperfect communion, but a communion nonetheless, because of our one Baptism, which we profess in the Creed.
The Church also teaches the the Orthodox Churches are in schism, but are not schismatic, because the living members did not break with Catholicism. That was a problem of our common ancestors centuries ago. However, despite being in schism, they are in great communion than most non Catholic Christians, because they have apostolic succession, which is unbroken, just as the Catholic Church has. This succession allows them to have a valid and licit priesthood and valid and licit sacraments. This is called communion n sacris or communion in the sacred.
The SSPX are baptized. It has apostolic succession. It has five sacraments that the Church acknowledges as valid. However, the ordinations are all illegal, beginning with those of the bishops and every cleric they have ordained. Because they ordained against the wishes of the pope, they have broken with the primacy. Therefore, there is one more thing that they need for full communion. Peter, must welcome them back. As long as Peter sustains that they have broken with the primacy, they are not in full communion. They are in communion in most things, but are lacking. Pope Benedict explained this several times. If you go the book, Light of The World, Pope Benedict speaks about not being in communion with the primacy and how the primacy will not welcome them until they meet certain requirements, which are in the Preamble and which we don’t know exactly what they are.
As you can see, communion is not always about heresy. One can harm communion by other actions, in the case of the SSPX, it was breaking with the Primacy, even though they maintain all of the other necessary elements for communion. The more common elements, the greater your degree of communion. Communion simply means “union with”. When the Church says that there is an imperfect communion between her and someone else, she is saying that we are in union on some things, but not on everything.
- They have a problem with jurisdiction but that has nothing to do with being in communion. Apples and oranges. Priests are suspended for different things, someone might be in mortal sin … these are not the same as not being in communion. I don’t think there is such a thing as “full communion.” You are, or you aren’t.
The issue of jurisdiction is related to the issue of communion. The Apostolic See will not grant the SSPX bishops jurisdiction until they are in full communion. Deacons and priests share in the jurisdiction of their ordinary. The SSPX does not have a ordinary. Only those whom Peter recognizes as ordinaries can be so, such as the diocesan bishops, not the auxiliaries, major superiors of men, and the orthodox bishops.
Communion and jurisdiction are related inside the Catholic Church. The question of jurisdiction is non existent outside of the Catholic Church. Inside, you cannot have jurisdiction, unless you have full communion. Full communion can only be granted by the pope. Communion not an abstract, it’s a concrete theological fact upon which the law is built.
If theology says that there are 10 requirements to full communion, then those who have less than 10 are in different degrees of communion. If they are Catholic, the Church can deny them jurisdiction until they meet all 10 requirements.
Much is going to depend on nature of the requirement. Some requirements are considered to be more serious than others. In other words, the Church has a hierarchy of requirements for communion, the two most important being Baptism and recognition by the Primacy. The Primacy is very important, because if a Catholic breaks with the Primacy, the house of cards can come collapse. Because of that danger, the Church takes that very seriously.
I hope that helps everyone.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, FFV