I would love to answer in more detail, but I am very busy at the moment.
Just very briefly for now. Methodological naturalism is something every scientists takes on when doing his/her research. When you are facing a problem, you assume that it has a natural explanation. So far, looking back over the last 400 years this assumption has been very successful in giving us knowledge about the world.
400 years ago people thought that it was angels who push the planets around the sun. Newton found a natural solution, but even he thought that the whole solar system would eventually become unstable and collapse, so God needs to âwind upâ the clockwork from time to time. The infamous God of the Gaps.
I worked in research for 30 years. Not once did it come to my mind to appeal to a miracle or to demons if I couldnât explain something. It always turned out to have a natural cause.
But that never prevented me from believing in a creator who not just designed the whole universe, but sustains it continuously. There are millions of scientists who believe in God, but use the assumption of methodological naturalism in their work.
Think of the auto mechanic fixing your car. You wouldnât be happy if he comes and tells you âSorry, I canât find a fault. There is no natural explanation. It must be a demonâ.
I repeat again - science doesnât look at the ultimate questions: why is there a universe? what is our purpose? what is the meaning of life? why am I here? is there an afterlife? are there miracles? is there something beyond the natural world? and so on âŚ
Ontological, or philosophical naturalism is the belief, the conviction, that there is nothing beyond the physical world. Methodological naturalism doesnât say that, it only lets me consider natural explanations, in our space-time universe, to explain natural phenomena. Think of our auto mechanic: he can believe in the supernatural, but it wouldnât be part of his job to use miracles or demons as an explanation.
I am happy to discuss that further. Keep asking questions. But as I said before, listen to Fr Robert Barron on YouTube. He goes quite deep into the faith/reason problem.
Gordon Glover is a Christian who put a great series on science/philosophy on YouTube:
youtube.com/watch?v=Fperp1Mezt0
He does a great job explaining the two types of naturalism. He is an evangelical Christian. We Catholics have even less of a problem embracing science.