As one of the Canonists in our community said to me today, “drop the Canon Law. It will only make the average person dizzy. Canon Law was written for jurists, not the average lay person. When the rubber meets the road, what matters is the Rule and Constitutions of the community, because that’s what the individual’s commit to follow. They do not commit to follow Canon Law. Canon Law only exists to make sure that these documents are consistent with Church Tradition and the needs of the Church.”
We began to speak about our own Franciscan family. We discussed how despite the changes in taxonomy in canon law, our Franciscan family is still guided by Francis’ taxonomy and is protected by the Apostolic See. For every article in Canon Law, there is an indult, an exception or an encyclical from the Apostolic See that speaks to our Franciscan family.
For example, Canon Law no longer speaks about Orders. It speaks about Public Associations of the Faithful. However, many Franciscan communities that are Public Associations of the Faithful are religious, because they are part of the Franciscan Family which was established by a decree of the Apostolic See. They enjoy the same exempt status as the Friars Minor, the Poor Clares and the Secular and Regular Franciscans (SFO and TOR).
What’s the bottom line? For Franciscans the bottom line is that whether you are a Friar, nun, sister or lay person, you make a solemn commitment to live according the Rule that St. Francis wrote for your Order. Francis wrote three rules and founded four communities.
The Constitutions determine how the Rule is to be implemented. The Rule cannot be changed, even by Canon Law. Only a pope can change one of the Franciscan Rules. They all have a Papal Bull that protects them even from the members of the Franciscan family.
I’d rather discuss the vocation to the Secular Franciscan Order, the Lay Dominicans, the Secular Carmelites, the Benedictine Oblates and others. As I have said before, I know more about the Franciscans, being a Franciscan myself. I also am not a Canon Lawyer, my entire academic and religious training was in Mystical Theology and philosophy. My ministry has been the formation of Franciscan Friars, Seculars and Religious.
The vocation to a Secular Order or a Lay Order is a true vocation, equal in dignity and commitment to the call to a Regular Order. For those who do not know, the Church defines a Regular Order as an order of religious men or women who live the common life. Secular Orders and Lay Orders USUALLY do not live in communities. That being said, they have a fraternal life. Some gather more frequently than others.
Among the Franciscans the fraternity gathers at least once a month, but usually twice for formal meetings. However, they must take care of each other when they are elderly or infirm, which means that they have more frequent contact. They provide financial support for each other when there is a need. They are linked to every other fraternity in the region. The Ministers (superiors) of each fraternity meet regularly and organize common activities for the region. The Regional Ministers (superiors) plan on-going joint activities, ministries and formation for the fraternity at the national level. The General Minister meets with the Regional Ministers to coordinate the life and ministry of the Order around the world. He reports to the Apostolic See on a regular schedule, every three years. He also attends all functions with the four General Ministers: (Observant Franciscans, OFM; Conventual Franciscans, OFM Conv; Capuchin Franciscans, OFM Cap; and Third Order Regular Franciscans, TOR).
There are two ways in which the Secular Franciscans make profession.
- The individual makes a Solemn Public Promise to live according to the Rule of the Brothers and Sisters of Penance, written by St. Francis. The Rule includes the evangelical counsels of chastity, poverty and obedience. Celibacy is optional, unless you are a Latin Rite priest, or
- the individual makes simple public vows of chastity, poverty and obedience. He promises to live according to the Rule of the Brothers and Sisters of Penance. In this case, celibacy is part of the profession. The individual need not be a priest to be bound to celibacy.
Here is why Franciscan canonists advise you to pay attention to the Rule, Constitutions and the authority of the Council, rather than confusing yourself with Canon Law. The Constitutions have already covered the requirements of Canon Law or have the necessary indults when there is a conflict of interpretation between the Rule and Canon Law.
- Among the Franciscans, final profession is for life. You can only renew your profession up to six years. You must them make your perpetual profession or leave. You cannot renew again.
- If you make public vows, everything in Canon Law applying to the vowed state applies to you, even though you are not a member of an institute with vows. Because the vows were received by the superior of the fraternity in the name of the Church. In my case, I am one of those persons in vows.
- Franciscans cannot belong to any other religious family, secular, lay or regular. You can only be Franciscan. You can’t double up. That would be sufficient reason for expulsion from the order and your profession is invalid. This does not include organizations that do not require a profession, such as the Knights of Columbus or the Holy Name Society, etc.
On another post I’ll share more about the rite of profession, our daily life and obligations, and our ministry. On this post I wanted to share about membership in the Brothers and Sisters of Penance (SFO).
I would like to know more about the other Secular and Lay Orders out there; there are any members on these forums.
Fraternally,
JR
