Were any Founding Fathers atheists?

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If you go to any atheist website, and I’m sure you been to one or two, you will invariably find quotations from Founding Fathers that are highly critical of Christianity. This is hypocrisy, because the same Founders repudiated atheism as illogical and inclined to immorality. Haven’t you read the posts cited above, especially those from Jefferson, Adams, and Franklin? You will never see those posts on atheist websites.

You could at least concede that citing them here was a matter of setting the record straight in case anyone is confused about why atheists seem to claim the Founders for their team.

They have no right to do so and should not complain when others point out what the Founders thought of atheism. 😉
Do I understand you to be saying that this entire thread is solely directed toward debunking these one-sided citations, and is in no way intended to discredit atheism itself or suggest that atheism is somehow less than fully compatible with the principles of the United States?

Because if you are making any such suggestion–if you are claiming that the Founding Fathers’ disapproval of atheism somehow discredits atheism, without similarly facing up to their general disapproval of orthodox Christianity–then you are obviously guilty of exactly the same “hypocrisy” of which you accuse atheists, and have no moral standing to criticize their tactics.

Edwin
 
Because if you are making any such suggestion–if you are claiming that the Founding Fathers’ disapproval of atheism somehow discredits atheism, without similarly facing up to their general disapproval of orthodox Christianity–then you are obviously guilty of exactly the same “hypocrisy” of which you accuse atheists, and have no moral standing to criticize their tactics.

This is patently absurd. I never said the Deists did not speak kindly of Christians at times. In fact I have pointed that out in several posts. Have you read this entire thread? If not, then what standing do you have to criticize? What I have emphasized is that the Deists were certainly more on the side of religion than they were on the side of atheism. If you don’t get that from reading the quotes cited earlier from Jefferson, Adams, and Franklin … oh, forget it.

The record has been set straight in this thread that atheists cannot take a moral high ground along with the Deists as participating in the founding of the U.S. You of all people, an Episcopalian, ought to know that just by reading the list of Episcopalians alone who signed the Declaration (33% page 2 of this thread)). Yet to look at any atheist website you would think all the Founders were deists and they were all on the side of atheists against religion.
 
Do I understand you to be saying that this entire thread is solely directed toward debunking these one-sided citations, and is in no way intended to discredit atheism itself or suggest that atheism is somehow less than fully compatible with the principles of the United States?

Certainly the Founders did say things to discredit atheism. Again, you seem not to have read any of the quotes on page 1. You need to get with the thread and stop making silly allegations.
 
Do I understand you to be saying that this entire thread is solely directed toward debunking these one-sided citations, and is in no way intended to discredit atheism itself or suggest that atheism is somehow less than fully compatible with the principles of the United States?

Certainly the Founders did say things to discredit atheism. Again, you seem not to have read any of the quotes on page 1. You need to get with the thread and stop making silly allegations.
I am not making a silly allegation. I am making a very simple logical argument.
  1. If it is hypocritical for atheists to quote deists against Christianity, ignoring their criticisms of atheism, then it is hypocritical for you to quote those same people (whether you consider them deists or just unorthodox Christians) against atheism, ignoring their criticisms of orthodox Christianity.
  2. But if it is OK for you to discredit atheism by quoting the Founding Fathers, even though the same people you’re quoting also criticized basic teachings of Christianity, then you have no grounds for calling atheists “hypocrites” when they quote the anti-Christian remarks of the Founding Fathers.
In short, many of the Founding Fathers criticized both atheism and orthodox Christianity. Either both groups, or none, have the right to quote the Founding Fathers against the other group (except perhaps for those Founding Fathers who did in fact believe in the Trinity and other orthodox Christian doctrines–though since most of those had very harsh things to say about Catholicism, by your logic you may still be a hypocrite for using them).

Edwin
 
This is patently absurd. I never said the Deists did not speak kindly of Christians at times.
Not the point. The line between “Deism” and “Christianity” was blurry. That’s why there are endless discussions of which Founding Fathers were Deists and which were Christians. It all depends on what you mean by Christianity.

Find me places where Jefferson or Madison or John Adams spoke favorably of the doctrine of the Trinity. Or do you deny that this is an essential doctrine of Christianity?
What I have emphasized is that the Deists were certainly more on the side of religion than they were on the side of atheism.
You equivocate. “Religion” can mean a lot of things.
The record has been set straight in this thread that atheists cannot take a moral high ground along with the Deists as participating in the founding of the U.S.
What atheists claim to have participated in the founding? You are attacking a straw man. You are allegedly criticizing atheists for citing the Founding Fathers’ criticisms of orthodox Christianity as evidence that they did not found the nation on Christian principles. This is a valid argument. To refute it, you need to show that they did found the nation on specifically Christian principles, not just on the principles of a general belief in a Supreme Being and a moral law.

The double standard is that in contemporary life you and other conservatives insist on a fairly narrow standard for what is truly Christian. But for the Founding Fathers you suddenly expand the boundaries, so that all their heresies become irrelevant and “Christianity” really boils down to general theism.
You of all people, an Episcopalian, ought to know that just by reading the list of Episcopalians alone who signed the Declaration (33% page 2 of this thread)).
You of all people, as a Catholic, ought not to assume that all Episcopalians are orthodox Christians. I as an Episcopalian certainly know that this is not the case.

Yes, most of the Founding Fathers were affiliated with a Christian church in some way. Most (not all) would have considered themselves Christians. I’m not disputing that.
Yet to look at any atheist website you would think all the Founders were deists and they were all on the side of atheists against religion.
I’m not on an atheist website. I’m on a Catholic website. So I’m concerned about the distortions of truth characteristic of this website, not of some other website where I am not.

People on this forum routinely use the distortions and errors of some other group out there as an excuse for their own. That’s just sloppy, to put it mildly. Why not tell the truth as fully as you can?

Edwin
 
Why not tell the truth as fully as you can?

We do. You just don’t hear it, do you?

I never said that Deists believed in the Trinity. Everyone knows they didn’t. That they were much influenced by the Christian religion goes without saying. They grew up in a Christian culture and learned the commandments and the Bible right along with everyone else. They were clearly on the side of religion against atheism, and most of the Founders belonged to one Christian group or another. You can’t deny that by assuming they lived in a twilight zone between Deism and Christianity. Even Jefferson called himself a Christian. That he and Adams were not orthodox Christians is not the point. The point is that both were decidedly against atheism. Atheists have no claim to the Deists. And yes, we are at a Catholic website, but there is no law against talking about atheist websites and the hypocrisy that goes on there.

And yes, we can talk about “religion” per se without distinguishing between orthodox and liberal. Mormons also are not Christians in the orthodox sense, but I would trust they are with us against atheism.

So what is your grievance? That the collective Christian religions didn’t really exist among the Founders, that the Founders were all Deists, that the founders all repudiated Christ and had nothing good to say about religion and Christianity, and that the founders said nothing against atheism?

Go read some history.

As for the occasional slur by the founders against Catholics, Washington himself spoke harshly against the “ridiculous and childish” tradition of burning an effigy of the pope on Pope’s Day. Oh yes, there was much hatred of Catholics by Episcopalians and others … there still is, but the Catholic Church contributed its own fair share toward building the religious base of American democracy.
 
You of all people, as a Catholic, ought not to assume that all Episcopalians are orthodox Christians. I as an Episcopalian certainly know that this is not the case.

At the time of the founders the Episcopal Church was hardly liberal in the modern sense. Oh yes, we all know by now that radical liberals in the Episcopal church are bent on tearing Christianity apart once again.

If you want to debate this, start your own thread and I’ll see you there.
 
At any rate, no one has come up with a single atheist among the Founders, which appears to answer the thread title’s question.

All the founders willing to declare themselves were religious in one sense or another.
 
The United States was not founded on Christian principles, but on republican Enlightenment principles. Most of the Founding Fathers were deists - they believed in God but rejected as superstitious mythology crucial Christian dogmas such as the Incarnation.

I personally think that John Adams was a Christian, but it is very clear that Jefferson and Madison were deists. Washington seems to have been a Christian once, but I have been convinced that he turned deist later in life as well. I don’t know about Hamilton and the rest.

If the Founding Fathers were on these fora, they would be condemned for their “liberalism”, & as enemies of the Church: Charles Carroll would be in boiling hot water for associating with Thomas Jefferson, who edited his own version of the NT, expurgating the supernatural bits. 🙂

The Founding Fathers included Charles Carroll, who as a Catholic represented all that some Christians most abhor. So that is at least one non-Christian (according to some POVs) among the FF. If all Protestants go to Hell, as some would have us believe, most of the FF are frying in Hell for not being Christians. Either way, not all the FF were Christians; if one adopts either of those POVs.
 
If the Founding Fathers were on these fora, they would be condemned for their “liberalism”…

They would also be praised for their universal belief in God and their opposition to atheism.

You also have not read the earlier posts.
 
Charlemagne II:

Atheists? I can’t say.

But they got it wrong when they considered the pursuit of happiness a tenet. The pursuit of happiness is a “Chase after the wind” (Eccl.)

A Christian would know that true happiness is granted, not sought after in it’s own right. But we would find such reasoning typical among the capitalist wealthy.

We have some indicators of their spiritual state though. For instance an elected official
who has slaves may impregnate one and see fit in his happiness to restrict his offspring from this affair to a house slave. No hope for inheritance for this child. Not his happiness or the hopeful mother’s happiness of course, but the father’s once again.

AndyF
 
We often hear it said that the United States was not founded upon Christian principles.
It was founded on a Judeo-Christian understanding of the nature of man. This can be traced back from Jefferson through Locke to Samuel Rutherford. Anyone who suggests that the U.S. was not founded on Christian principles is guilty of presupposing what they claim to prove. There’s a lot of that going around these days.
 
It was founded on a Judeo-Christian understanding of the nature of man. This can be traced back from Jefferson through Locke to Samuel Rutherford. Anyone who suggests that the U.S. was not founded on Christian principles is guilty of presupposing what they claim to prove. There’s a lot of that going around these days.
I think it may be accurate to claim the US constitution is based on deistic principles, but certainly not Christian principles.
 
I think it may be accurate to claim the US constitution is based on deistic principles, but certainly not Christian principles.
The notion that we have inalienable rights given by a Creator but also are a fallen race capable of bad things making it necessary for separation of powers most closely reflects the Judeo-Christian understanding of the nature of man. The term “Christian principles” might be a little too subjective to be useful here without stipulation.
 
Atheists have no quarrell with Deists. They especially can sympathize with those taking such a view who did not have the advantage of explaining the appearance of design through Darwin’s theory.

Why do you try so hard to claim Deists for your “team”? I don’t see how you have anything in common with them that you don’t have with atheists. Whether they believe in a god or not, it is certainly not your god. It is what they often refer to as Nature or some undescribable “higher power.”

Best,
Leela
I agree with some of what you’re saying here, Leela, but what Charlemagne has in common with deists that he doesn’t have with atheists is, quite clearly, a belief in God.

Also and more importantly, I realize that you’re not alone in your assertion that the God of the deists is not the Christian God. Blaise Pascal asserted quite confidently that ‘‘the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob’’ is not ‘‘the God of the philosophers,’’ but I couldn’t disagree more.

The philosophical concept of the First Cause, Prime Mover, etc. can seem very different from the Christian idea of the Triune God, but I think that from philosophy alone it becomes clear even that the Supreme Being must be personal in nature and morally perfect. Even atheists agree - why else would they use the problem of evil against Christianity if they didn’t see that if there is a god, He must be good?

I don’t deny that there are some difficulties in conflating the deistic God whose existence philosophy can prove with the God of Abraham, but there’s nothing that prevents the two from being the same.
You will not find an atheist website that does not use the founding Fathers to hammer Christianity. The same websites conveniently ignore the fact that the Founding Fathers unanimously hammer atheism.
Well said. You make a very good point.

Yet, Charlemagne, I disagree with what you’ve implied elsewhere - that this country was in any sense founded on Christian principles. Theistic principles are not ‘‘Christian’’ enough to be called Christian.

Even John Adams himself, the only founding father who can be said to be Christian (in my fallible opinion, that is), said - as quoted earlier in this thread - that the United States of America was not founded on Christian principles.

The founding fathers believed in God, yes. But the majority of them were deeply hostile to core Christian truths such as the Incarnation - not just Jefferson (who compared the Incarnation to the pagan myth of Zeus’ cerebral generation of Athena) but Franklin, Madison, even Washtington (later in life), etc.

Religiously speaking, neither atheists nor orthodox Christians can claim the founding fathers as allies.

a) That they retained formal membership in certain Christian denominations is no commentary on their actual beliefs - especially when it comes to beliefs that our country may or may not have been founded upon. It has been made abundantly clear by many, many quotations that with the possible exception of John Adams, the original Founding Fathers were not Christians.

b) You cannot equate even 18th century Deism with Christianity. The Deistic God may be similar to the Judeo-Christian ‘‘God the Father’’, but Deists vehemently denied crucial Christian dogmas such as the Trinity and the Incarnation (!). Seriously, without a firm commitment to the Incarnation, no belief system can be even remotely close to being accurately called ‘‘Christianity.’’

But there is a larger issue at stake here, which TheAtheist summed up quite well:
I wish to raise a simple objection to all of this - as it is actually one of my largest pet peeves.

Why do we even care if a particular figure is on a “team?”

Take the case of Albert Einstein. A lot of disingenious statements have been made about the man regarding the status of his orientation toward religion.

Taking all of his quotes out of context - can portray the man as a Christian or a Jew.

Much to my dismay, Richard Dawkins also engaged in this game of semantics and attempted to claim that Einstein was being “poetic” about his orientation toward nature and the idea of a god and that he was in fact an atheist.

I find the great irony of course is that Einstein (who by proper historical scholarship ~ ie: People more engaged with rendering his views and not invested in this debate - is in fact a Deist) did have a number of telling remarks against people who engaged in such debates.

To paraphrase him: the Bible is in fact mythical, but nothing to be sneered at as it was man’s attempt to understand the universe - and atheists who waste their time being angry and argumentative have lost the whole narrative (that being the majesty of the universe and attempts to investiage it).

I ask all of you : What profit us if Einstein were a Christian or an atheist?

Or if the Founding Fathers were a cabal of secret Freemasonic Deists? 😉

If Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Sam Harris, Benedict XVI, Billy Graham, TD Jakes, etc. all decided to convert to Radical Islam tomorrow and praised Osama Bin Laden as their leader (a most unlikely event :p):

… I would expect everyone here to be unmoved in their positions regarding the existence or non-existence of a deity.

Mind you - i’m sure all of us would be blinking and wondering what the heck just happened ~ and perhaps we could all collectively agree they’ve gone insane.

BUT - the movement of figures to and from “teams” shouldn’t make much of a difference to anyone.

The whole “team model” is predicated on the idea that people who self identify with a religion, or even a philosophy or political ideology have their interactions shaped by only that particular standpoint.

I’m sure the most reflective of us can agree - human interaction is neither that simplistic nor that boring.
Thank you, Atheist. I couldn’t agree more. I’m always uneasy when this conversation about the founding fathers comes up, but I can never explain why.

You have hit the nail on the head and identified the problem with this whole approach.
 
crowonsnow

*I think it may be accurate to claim the US constitution is based on deistic principles, but certainly not Christian principles. *

Not so. How many deists were there among the Founders? A dozen that we can identify? Most of the Founders were Christian, and without their support the Constitution would not have been approved, and certainly not amended to protect religious freedoms. Even the dozen you may want to call deists were no doubt raised in Christian homes and brought those Christian values into play when they started the revolution and created the Constitution.

The founders knew their Bible, Old and New Testaments. They quote it constantly. That includes the deists, and certainly Jefferson, Adams, Hamilton, and Franklin.
 
crowonsnow

*I think it may be accurate to claim the US constitution is based on deistic principles, but certainly not Christian principles. *

Not so. How many deists were there among the Founders? A dozen that we can identify? Most of the Founders were Christian, and without their support the Constitution would not have been approved, and certainly not amended to protect religious freedoms. Even the dozen you may want to call deists were no doubt raised in Christian homes and brought those Christian values into play when they started the revolution and created the Constitution.

The founders knew their Bible, Old and New Testaments. They quote it constantly. That includes the deists, and certainly Jefferson, Adams, Hamilton, and Franklin.
Can you point to any “Christian principles” in the Constitution as examples? Whether or not the Founding Fathers were Christian is still a separate question from whether any Christian principles made it into the Constitution. Are there other places we should look for these Christian principles? Are there other things that the Founding Fathers had in common? Were they military men? Should we look for military principles? Were they heterosexual? Should we look for heterosexual principles?
 
Fone Bone

Interesting analysis.

The fact remains that there are no discernible atheists among the Founders. There are many traditional Christians for the reason given above. If if they were not the most famous of the Founders, the Constitution would not have been possible without their active support. Deists may not be orthodox Christians yet at the same time be imbued with the values of Christ by their upbringing (this is true of many atheists as well). These values are reflected in the way the Constitution was created, to maximize liberty and minimize tyranny. It simply cannot be said that the mindset of deism was sufficient by itself to create a system that was so very much in harmony with Christian values.

Jefferson, Adams, Paine and others spoke harshly against the Catholic Church. That doesn’t mean they were not infected by Catholic values and biblical values. It was Catholicism, not Protestantism, that carried Christ and the Bible through the Dark Ages. And whatever Protestant Christianity knows of Christ, one thing it cannot deny: it would know hardly anything if not for the Catholic Church.

The same applies to the deists. What they had of humanitarian values they first learned in their Christian churches. They did not learn them seated at the feet of deists or atheists.
 
You of all people, as a Catholic, ought not to assume that all Episcopalians are orthodox Christians. I as an Episcopalian certainly know that this is not the case.

At the time of the founders the Episcopal Church was hardly liberal in the modern sense.
The issues were somewhat different, but in fact it was a matter of serious debate whether the Episcopal Church would include the Nicene Creed in its liturgy. There were very strong “latitudinarian” currents in the early Episcopal Church, and these were the aspects of Episcopalianism with which most of the Founding Fathers were most at home. I would go so far as to say that when it comes to belief in the Trinity and in the miraculous, 18th-century Episcopalianism was probably at least as liberal as contemporary Episcopalianism. (There was a renewal in the late 18th and 19th centuries, or rather two renewals–one evangelical and one Anglo-Catholic–so that 19th-century Episcopalianism was more orthodox.) The difference is primarily on issues having to do with sexual morality.

Edwin
 
Leela

Can you point to any “Christian principles” in the Constitution as examples?

I could, but this would require more care and time than I have at present to spare.

I’m going to suggest that you consider these remarks of Alexis de Tocqueville as a first attempt to answer your question. They are from his book, Democracy in America.

*Upon my arrival in the United States the religious aspect of the country was the first thing that struck my attention; and the longer I stayed there, the more I perceived the great political consequences resulting from this new state of things. In France I had almost always seen the spirit of religion and the spirit of freedom marching in opposite directions. But in America I found they were intimately united and that they reigned in common over the same country.

In the United States the sovereign authority is religious,… there is no country in the world where the Christian religion retains a greater influence over the souls of men than in America, and there can be no greater proof of its utility and of its conformity to human nature than that its influence is powerfully felt over the most enlightened and free nation of the earth.

In the United States, if a political character attacks a sect [denomination], this may not prevent even the partisans of that very sect, from supporting him; but if he attacks all the sects together [Christianity], every one abandons him and he remains alone.

The safeguard of morality is religion, and morality is the best security of law as well as the surest pledge of freedom.

The Americans combine the notions of Christianity and of liberty so intimately in their minds, that it is impossible to make them conceive the one without the other.
*

These remarks were published not long after all the Founders had died (about 1840), but they fairly illustrate a long lasting legacy of the Founders.

Within twenty years after *Democracy in America *Lincoln would continue that legacy in the following remark:

“I know there is a God, and that He hates injustice and slavery. I see the storm coming, and I know His hand is in it. If He has a place and work for me, and I think He has, I am ready. I am nothing, but truth is everything. I know I am right, for Christ teaches it, and Christ is God.” (Letter to Newton Bateman)
 
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