The ones who left Jesus in John 6 did so because they took His words too literally - and could not fathom how He could ask them to do such a thing as to really eat flesh and drink blood. They must have seen Him as a madman - which He would have been if He had really asked them to go against Torah in such a way…Messiah fulfilled Torah. He didn’t obliterate it.
This is an excellent point and must be taken into consideration when interpreting Christ’s words in John chapter six. When interpreting John six Gentile Christendom often forgets the fact that Jesus was a Jew, born under the Law (Gal. 4:4). It’s similar to JWs who interpret Jn. 1:1 as “
…and the word was a god.” John, an orthodox, monotheistic Jew could never perceive of such a thing, so it’s an impossible interpretation. In the same vain, Jesus would never command His Jewish disciples to violate the Law.
When He talked about eating His flesh and blood in John 6, He was identifying Himself with the Pesach (Passover) sacrifice.
However, here I must disagree since Jesus never once makes reference to the Pesach (even though He does refer to His bodily sacrifice in Jn. 6:51). The issue in chapter six is not the Passover but the contrast between Himself (the true bread of life) and the manna the ancients ate in the wilderness.
The context of Christ’s words is stated succinctly in chapter five:"For just as the Father has LIFE in Himself, even so He gave to the Son also to have LIFE in Himself."LIFE is the underlying principle of Christ’s words in chapters five and six (both chapters must be read for the full context). “BELIEVE” being the operative word. In those chapters Jesus discloses Himself to His Jewish brethren as the source of eternal life for all who would BELIEVE in Him:Jn. 5:24 “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who hears My word, and believes Him who sent Me, has eternal life, and does not come into judgment, but has passed out of death into life.”
Jn. 5:38 “And you do not have His word abiding in you,
for you do not BELIEVE Him whom He has sent.”
Jn. 5:40 "…
and you are unwilling to come to Me, that you may have LIFE."In chapter six we read that He feeds five thousand with two fish and five loaves of bread. Impressed with the free meal they seek Him out again (Jn. 6:26). But He tells them not to work for the food which perishes (physical), but for the food which endures to eternal life (spiritual). And in their state of unbelief they question Him as to what they must do to work the works of God. And again stresses belief in Him: "
This is the work of God, that you BELIEVE in Him whom He has sent" (Jn. 6:29).
Disregarding the miracle they just experienced the day prior they arrogantly commanded a sign so that they would believe Him. Challenging Him with the miracle experienced by their ancestors of having been provided manna (bread from heaven) to sustain their lives in the wilderness. Could He do that? But Jesus revealed Himself as the “bread of LIFE,” the true bread out of heaven, and that he who comes to Him (by faith) will not hunger, and he who BELIEVES in Him will never thirst (Jn. 6:35).John 6:40 “For this is the will of My Father, that everyone who beholds the Son and BELIEVES in Him will have eternal life, and I Myself will raise him up on the last day.”
John 6:47-48 "Truly, truly, I say to you, he who BELIEVES has eternal life. I am the bread of LIFE."He contrasts Himself with the bread (manna) their fathers physically ate in the wilderness - and died.John 6:49-51 "Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, and they died. This is the bread which comes down out of heaven,
so that one may eat of it and not die. I am the living bread that came down out of heaven;
if anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever; and the bread also which I will give for the life of the world is My flesh."Here He expresses, metaphorically, that as the life of the manna was transferred to the eater (but died), in like manner, His life is transferred to the believer (and will not die). That is, His resurrected life (see Jn. 11:25-26).
As you rightly pointed out, the eating of His flesh and drinking of His blood was not to be taken literally, since it would be unlawful for a Jew. But to be understood metaphorically as BELIEVING in Him for the imparting of His LIFE to them. Upon belief His resurrected LIFE is transferred to the believer - which is life everlasting (eternal). Hence, He is the true bread of life for all who BELIEVE.John 6:47 "Truly, truly, I say to you, he who BELIEVES has eternal life. I am the bread of life."The whole purpose of His dialogue with them was to take them from the physical to the spiritual. From their carnal minds to the
spiritual (eternal)
realities connected to His coming into this world and His imminent sacrificial death and bodily resurrection on their behalf - through faith in Him. And for this reason he explained to the twelve:John 6:63 “It is the Spirit who gives life; the flesh profits nothing (
i.e., physically eating and drinking); the words that I have spoken to you are spirit and are life.”