I considered this point at some length. The Catholic doctrine of papal infallibility comes under the category of “development of doctrine” and therefore necessarily has to be retroactive. So I could see no way of aligning Saint Peter’s huge mistake with the notion that he had a gift of infallibility unless I were to allow that his mistake didn’t have anything to do with faith or morals. Since that clearly wasn’t the case I couldn’t see any way past the difficulty and so I had no option but to conclude that the doctrine of papal infallibilty was an infallible fallacy.
That’s a reasoned argument.
I agree. Mind you, I think the Catholic response to this is that Saint Peter didn’t actually know he was the first pope. The disciples were called Christians first at Antioch (cf. Acts 11:26) and I think the term “Catholic” was first coined by Saint Ignatius of Antioch around 107 AD. If there was no formal papacy it follows that there could be no
ex cathedra statement. If there is no
ex cathedra stipulation a pope is as prone to human error as any other human being and can make a mistake on a question of faith and morals in his thinking, in his private conversations or even in a public statement. As I understand the doctrine, it is only when the papal utterance is formally stipulated to be an
ex cathedra statement that it can correctly be referenced as such.
So, for a Catholic, Saint Peter’s mistake is no big deal. Any pope could have made the same mistake or one similar. Indeed, in theory, an average of a hundred thousand doctrinal mistakes in the life of every pope would never impinge upon the validity or veracity of the doctrine of papal infalliblity. That’s because if there is no
ex cathedra stipulation there is no infallibility.
It seems to me, though, that the problem for non–Catholic Christians is that this is not the way most Catholics tend to understand the doctrine or argue in its defense. Generally, they seem to argue that the doctrine of papal infallibility is necessary because otherwise, “How can you be sure of anything?” It’s an effective argument until you push it a little whereupon you discover that in the minds of most Catholics, “infallibility” covers and describes absolutely everything they believe.
It’s an interesting phenomenon. Catholics argue that the doctrine of papal infalliblity is essential to certainty while totally ignoring the fact that the doctrine has been invoked by only one pope and on only one occasion since its promulgation. In other words, Catholics spread the notion of infallibility right across the apologetics board. Mix in a little
ad hominem and you have a substantial obstacle to Christian unity.
As I see it, since Vatican 1, every Catholic belief – as far most Catholics are concerned, at any rate – seems to be covered with a subtle veneer of “infallibility.” Latter–day Catholics have been taught to make sense of the world in this way and once they have learned and embraced that mindset they cannot without a great deal of difficulty perceive how anybody could see things differently. And a realist should expect nothing else.
Indeed. Lord Acton is an interesting study in this context.
It still is bad form for a Catholic to disagree with the pope. According to the Catholic theologian, Frank Sheed, the mark of a good Catholic is to do as the Catholic Church teaches. So a Catholic, particularly a Catholic clergyman, who publicly disagrees with the pope is definitely headed for difficulties. Look at what happened to Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, for example.
Cordially,
Mick