In 1 Corinthians 10:14-22, St Paul discusses the sacrificial meals of Israel and of pagans and discusses the practice of Christians in similar terms. In verse 18, he mentions the people of Israel, who made sacrificial offerings of food to God at his altar (through the ministry of his priests) and then the people ate of those sacrifices to become partners with God. In verses 14, 19-21, he mentioned pagans, who made sacrificial offerings of food (and drink) to their idols (at their altars through the ministry of their priests) and then the pagans ate (and drank) of the sacrifices to become partners with their idols, which St Paul also refers to as partaking of the table of demons and drinking the cup of demons. In 10:16-17, 21, he mentions Christians partaking of the table of the Lord and drinking the cup of the Lord, implying that Christians similarly made sacrificial offerings of food and drink to God at their altars through the ministry of their priests and then Christians ate of the sacrifices to become partners with God and with one another. Specifically, those sacrifices are the bread that Christians break which is a participation in the body of Christ and the cup (of wine) that they bless which is a participation in the blood of Christ or, in other words, the elements of “the Lord’s Supper.” See 1 Cor 11:20, 23-29. Notice that the same expression, “the cup of the Lord,” is used in both 1 Cor 10:21 and 11:27. Also notice, in Malachi 1:7, that the expression, “the table of the Lord” is a synonym for “the altar of the Lord” and an altar implies a sacrifice and a priest to offer that sacrifice.
About my use of the word “sacrifices”… Many of the sacrifices mentioned in the Old Testament involved the death of the thing being offered in sacrifice. For instance, the sacrifice of the Paschal lamb involved its death and, in this way, because of his death on the cross 2000 years ago, Jesus Christ is called our Paschal lamb. However, not all Old Testament sacrifices involved the death of the thing being offered in sacrifice. There was a class of sacrifices called “wave offerings” in which the thing being offered in sacrifice was merely waved before the Lord, alive and unharmed. The whole tribe of Levi was once offered in sacrifice in this way, as a wave offering, alive and unharmed, in Numbers 8:11-21. At a Catholic Mass, Jesus Christ is similarly offered in sacrifice alive and unharmed. If you think about it, this is the only way that Jesus can be offered in sacrifice now because “Christ, being raised from the dead, will never die again; death no longer has dominion over him.” (Romans 6:9)
The author of Hebrews (Hebrews 13:10), speaks of Christians having “an altar.”
Since at least the middle of the 2nd century, Christians have seen the Eucharist as the ubiquitous sacrifice (“a pure offering”) prophesied in Malachi 1:11 See Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, chapters
41 and
117;
Didache, chapter 14.