I can’t answer the first two (which were not asked of me anyway) but I can certainly at least give two examples for the third. USB, UMB.
They’re not the only ones, but they’re illustrative of something. Both have their own “securitization” departments. That department makes the home loans and the bank sells securities based on them. Because the bank’s subsidiary remains responsible for paying dividends on the securities, it makes good loans to begin with. I believe Arvest Bank does the same. Likely there are many like that.
But it’s true that lots of banks (and mortgage companies) sold loans without recourse to FNMA and FHLMC. Lots of them were junk. Lots of bad loans are being made and sold to FNMA and FHLMC right now. Lots are going to GNMA, but they’re government insured. It’s troubling to realize that most FHA and VA loans are for more than 100% of the purchase price. Soooooo, I would say that if one can buy “Ginnies” based on new packages at a discount, one will probably end up a winner as the forclosures occur.