Some Catholic practices and the approximate date of their adoption into the church.
Prayers for the dead; about 300
Making the sign of the cross; 300
Wax candles; about 320
Veneration of angels and dead saints, and use of images; 375
The Mass as a daily celebration; 394
Beginning of the exaltation of Mary, the term “Mother of God” first applied to her by the Council of Ephesus; 431
Priests began to dress differently from laymen; 500
Extreme Unction; 526
The doctrine of Purgatory, established by Gregory I; 593
Latin Language, used in prayer and worship, imposed by Gregory I; 600
Prayers directed to Mary, dead saints and angels; about 600
Title of pope, or universal bishop, given to Boniface III by emperor Phocas; 610
Kissing the pope s foot, began with pope Constantine; 709
Temporal power of the popes, conferred by Pepin, king of France; 750
Worship of the cross, images and relics, authorized in; 786
Holy water, mixed with a pinch of salt and blessed by a priest; 850
Worship of St. Joseph; 890
College of Cardinals established; 927
Baptism of bells, instituted by pope John XIV; 965
Canonization of dead saints, first by pope John XV; 995
Fasting of Fridays and during lent; 998
The Mass, developed gradually as a sacrifice, attendance made obligatory in the 11th century
Celibacy of the priesthood, decreed by pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand); 1079
The Rosary, mechanical praying with beads, invented by Peter the Hermit; 1090
The Inquisition, instituted by the Council of Verona; 1184
Sale of Indulgences; 1190
Transubstantiation, proclaimed by pope Innocent III; 1215
Auricular Confession of sins to a priest instead of to God, instituted by pope Innocent III, in Lateran Council; 1215
Adoration of the wafer (Host), decreed by pope Honorius III; 1220
Bible forbidden to laymen, placed on the Index of Forbidden Books by the Council of Valencia; 1229
The Scapular, invented by Simon Stock, an English monk; 1287
Cup forbidden to the people at communion by Council of Constance; 1414
Purgatory proclaimed as a dogma by the Council of Florence; 1438
The doctrine of Seven Sacraments affirmed; 1439
The Ave Maria (part of the last half was completed 50 years later and approved by pope Sixtus V at the end of the 16th century); 1508
Jesuit order founded by Loyola; 1534
Tradition declared of equal authority with the Bible by the Council of Trent; 1545
Apocryphal books added to the Bible by the Council of Trent; 1546
Creed of pope Pius IV imposed as the official creed; 1560
Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, proclaimed by pope Pius IX; 1854
Syllabus of Errors, proclaimed by pope Pius IX, and ratified by the Vatican Council; condemned freedom of religion, conscience, speech, press, and scientific discoveries which are disapproved by the Roman Church; asserted the pope s temporal authority over all civil rulers; 1864
Infallibility of the pope in matters of faith and morals, proclaimed by the Vatican Council; 1870
Assumption of the Virgin Mary (bodily ascension into heaven shortly after her death), proclaimed by Pope Pius XII; 1950