I didn’t think you were attacking at all… just wanted to clarify the confessional Lutheran position. Like my Roman friends, I always try start our dialogue from the formal church positions (such as the Catechism) and set aside what may be popular distortions of the formal teachings. I wasn’t offended in what you wrote, and I hope I did not offend you.
The differences between a simple confession of Christ’s real presence in the Eucharist that Lutherans make, and the Roman position, I believe comes down to a couple key questions:
- Is the Eucharist, once consecrated, still both bread and wine as well as Christ’s Body and Blood, or…
- … has it changed from the one into the other, leaving the previous content behind and acquiring a new definitional quality, and…
- … what is the physical explanation for that transformation?
The Scriptures witness to the reality of bread and wine, and to the reality of this bread and wine becoming the Body and Blood of Christ… they don’t say anything about how that occurs, and they don’t use the term “transubstantiation,” or Aristotle’s physics categories of “accidents” versus essence.
Our Roman friends might be able to correct or expand my explanation here, but Transubstantiation is defining the change in the bread and wine in their essence to the Body and Blood of Christ, while leaving the physical “accidents” of the bread and wine in place (what Aristotle understood to be things like shape, consistency, smell, taste, color, etc.) So the position is, I believe, that the bread and wine still appear to be bread and wine, but they are really and fully the Body and Blood of Christ… in disguise, as it were.
Lutherans thought this an unnecessary attempt at explanation, and frankly, transubstantiation was not a big hang up for Lutherans even at the time of the Reformation. I believe the emphasis in the Council of Trent was substantially trying to communicate the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist against other Protestant opinions that disregarded this ancient truth. Most Anglicans and Lutherans don’t really have much of an issue with Transubstantiation, except that we think it is too much human attempt to understand a divine mystery… we don’t think it’s wrong, per se, but that it speaks a bit beyond what we can surely know… or at least beyond what the Scriptures reveal to us, and what the early Fathers communicated regarding the Eucharist. The formal doctrine of Transubstantion doesn’t emerge in earnest until the 7th or 8th century, and doesn’t get formally established as necessary dogma until the 16th century. Thus Lutherans tended to see it as an unecessary novelty.
Anyway, hope that spelled out the difference a bit. Lutherans and Romans are really not substantially divided on the issue of Transubstantiation (no pun intended.)
Cheers,
Brad