They can, who is stopping them? All I know is that the 12 Steps is definitely a great benefit for many people. Is it the only way to stop acting out compulsions? Of course not. No one claims that it is.
In my experience one of the great things about the 12 Steps is that it doesn’t let you take the easy way out, so to speak. To get recovery, you surrender yourself to God. These 12 steps work for alcohol, lust, overeating, etc, etc. If, for instance, your compulsion is eating, you may be able to do treatments of liposuction, stomach staples etc. All of these things are ways to “fix” your over eating problem to some extent, but they all leave the root cause in place. The root cause is the unmet need to surrender their lives to Christ. Without that step, they will never find true happiness or peace. Thus many other programs that ONLY address the “problematic” behavior fail to allow the addict to get to what his REAL issue is; the need for Christ.
Had I been able to stop my lusting before coming into recovery, my life would be much worse than it is now. I would have delayed or completely put off ever truly turning my will and life over to Christ, which is what life on this earth is all about. We should strive for a “Yes” similar to Mary’s “Yes”. Had I never entered recovery, I would have never bothered seeking true submission to God’s will in ALL Things.
I would just say that if you are planning on proposing any other system that you ensure that at its core the addict finds Christ and thereby finds the peace and happiness they had been so long searching for in their vice. If not, they are likely to replace that still present hole with something else, work, meaningless hobbies, volunteering, sex, drugs, eating, pride, etc. If you are hoping to allow people to apply a bandaid to their issue, for instance, to stop drinking without really dealing with their real issues then I would suggest you take a step back and re-examine your motives. Without Christ, our lives are void of meaning. We are restless until we rest in Christ. Converting someone from being an alcoholic to a workaholic or volunteeraholic may look great on the surface, but you really have just traded one issue for another. If every person could take a pill that lead to happiness, it would be worthless in comparison to finding the love of Christ. In the grand scheme of things, a “cure” without Christ, is not a cure at all.
As far as the psychology goes, I would suggest reading up on some of the work by Patrick Carnes. I think it will help you better understand what your missing when people refer to addiction as a disease. It has to do with the fact that when we lust, drink or whatever, we become obsessive about the behavoir and our neuropathways don’t interact like non-addicts. Perhaps it is because you yourself are not an addict that you cannot see this, but as an addict I see no other explanation for my seemingly complete inability to prevent myself from doing what I so desperately did not want to do. How many nights did I spend in tears hoping that I would not be able to act out, begging God to help me stop? If you have never been through pre-occupation and ritualization be thankful.
God Bless