It is Catholic teaching that we are saved by grace alone.
They key thing is to die in the state of grace.
That we can lose the state of grace by mortal sin, including mortal sins of omission still does not negate this fact. But no acts are salutary unless we are in the state of grace, so the state of grace is the key requirement. And we ordinarily enter the state of grace through Baptism.
As I am a new member I feel I should introduce myself briefly.
I would call myself a Non-Denominational Christian.
My wife is a Catholic (Latin Rite), and I have been encouraged by her, to study Catholic Teaching.
I have also studied other religions and their teachings, but I found the Catholic Church has many good doctrines. I often attend mass and also other Catholic social events with my wife, and have developed a good relationship within the Catholic community.
I would like to offer my view on your post Porthos.
Yes “The key thing is to die in the state of grace”. I agree.
“We can lose the state of grace by mortal sin,…” I wish to clarify.
In my opinion in the light of official Catholic teachings, we have to be clear about the above part of the sentence, because:
If we have God’s “Great and Special Gift of Final Perseverance,” we are protected from to commit even one mortal sin, so we will never lose our State of Grace; or if we do not have God’s “Great and Special Gift of Final Perseverance” we will commit mortal sins, and lose our State of Grace.
- Quote: St. Thomas Aquinas, In his Summa Theologiae he wrote:
[P]erseverance is called he abiding in good to the end of life.
And in order to have this perseverance man . . . needs the divine assistance guiding him and guarding him against the attacks of the passions . . .
And hence after anyone has been justified by grace, he still needs to beseech God for the aforesaid gift of perseverance, that he may be kept from evil till the end of his life (ST IIa:109:10)
This same teaching was infallibly taught by the Council of Trent after the Protestant Reformation.
- Quote: Trent’s Decree of Justification, canon 16, speaks of “That Great and Special Gift of Final Perseverance,” and chapter 13 of the decree speaks of “the gift of perseverance of which it is written:
‘He who perseveres to the end shall be saved [Matt. 10:22, 24:13],’
Which cannot be obtained from anyone except from Him who is able to make him who stands to stand [Rom. 14:4].” End quote
- Scripture Catholic by John Salza. (Well known Catholic Author and Apologist.)
III. Predestination and the “Elect”
Quote: “There are two types of predestination, grace (initial salvation) and to glory (final salvation). … Predestination is either to grace (initial salvation) which we could lose or to glory (final salvation) which we cannot lose. …
1 Tim.2:6 – Jesus Christ gave Himself as a ransom for all not just for the elect. But only those predestined to glory (final salvation) will be saved.”
End quote. (In the brackets is mine.)
- Catholic Encyclopedia. The predestination of the elect.
Quote: “Consequently, the whole future membership of heaven, down to its minutest details, has been irrevocably fixed from all eternity.
Nor could it be otherwise. For if it were possible that a predestined individual should after all be cast into hell or that one not predestined should in the end reach heaven, then God would have been mistaken in his foreknowledge of future events; He would no longer be omniscient.” End quote.
As we see above, if we are among God’s elects to heaven (predestined to glory), in Catholic theology officially called “Predestination to final salvation”:
We are protected by God’s “Great and Special Gift of Final Perseverance”. As the result of God’s protection; we do not commit even one mortal sin.
For us it is impossible to die outside the state of grace.
In Catholic teaching there is another predestination officially called “Predestination to initial salvation” (predestination to grace).
If we are among those who are ‘Predestined to initial salvation/grace,” we commit mortal sins and we can restore our state of grace with Sacramental Confession.
Finally (the reason of our neglects) we all lose our salvation.
“Only those predestined to glory (final salvation) will be saved.” (J Salza ‘Scripture Catholic’.)
We can logically conclude;
If we are among the elects to Heaven. Predestined to ‘Final salvation/glory’, we do not commit even one mortal sin; because if we would/could commit even one mortal sin, then it could happen that we could die between committing a mortal sin and Sacramental Confession to restore our Baptismal Grace and we would end up in hell, which is an absolute impossibility.
In fact we don’t even have to rely on our logic. Because the Catholic Church formally teaches: God’s “Great and Special Gift of final Perseverance.”
Aquines and even Molina said; “This grace ALWAYS ensures that a person will persevere. MOST CERTAINTLY and INFALLIBLY takes effect”.
This special grace is a Divine assistance, an infallible protection to keep the recipients from evil till the end of their life, and ensures them to die in the state of grace.
According to Church teaching only those who are the elects to Heaven, predestined to “Final salvation/glory” are the recipients of God’s “Great and Special Gift of Final Perseverance.”
The Catholic Church does not teach that Catholics cannot know that they are among the recipients of God’s “Great and Special Gift of Final Perseverance,” which is an absolute guarantee that they cannot lose their salvation.
God Bless.