Well, thanks for dismissing any historical context out of hand. Progressive Income taxes as we know it didn’t exist in the 1st century. I don’t see a large amount of support in The Church, its Fathers and its Saints, particularly at current levels.
CCC 2240 can certainly be interpreted different ways as to what is “due”. Even the historical “Papal Income Taxes” were usually only about 1/40th of income, and that was over a thousand years after the death of Christ.
If we want any idea about what type of taxes are excessive in the Church’s eyes, we always have
RERUM NOVARUM to fall back on.
vatican.va/holy_father/leo_xiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_15051891_rerum-novarum_en.html
(On a side note, there was no US income tax in 1891, when
RERUM NOVARUM was written, but the top rate in the first year of income taxation in the US, 1915, the top rate was 7%)