In my opinion, St. Paul believed in the body and blood, that is the Real Presence of the Eucharistic meal.
When the Apostles came out of Pentacost and converted around 3000 on that day. The story goes directly from them becoming Christians to them persevering in the doctrines and in the communication of the breaking of the bread and in prayers.
**Act 2:41 They therefore that received his word were baptized: and there were added in that day about three thousand souls.
Act 2:42 And they were persevering in the doctrine of the apostles and in the communication of the breaking of bread and in prayers.
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Paul chastised them because the wealthy members of the congregation would arrive early and eat all the good food before the poor members arrived – however, Paul never chastised the meal itself or its concept. Hence we have direct evidence of his view (the only post-resurrection view expressed in scripture concerning the last supper).
Respectfully, I disagree with your interpretation and would like to explain my thoughts on this. I do not believe it was a situation of the wealthy eating all the food before the poor arrived. I believe they had turned the Lord’s supper into a social meal without giving it the consideration of what it really was. While he did not chastise the meal itself, he did correct the way they were doing it. Please see my thoughts below each passage.
**1Co 11:20 When you come therefore together into one place, it is not now to eat the Lord’s supper.
1Co 11:21 For every one taketh before his own supper to eat. And one indeed is hungry and another is drunk.
1Co 11:22 What, have you no houses to eat and to drink in? Or despise ye the church of God and put them to shame that have not? What shall I say to you? Do I praise you? In this I praise you not. **
Verse 20, St. Paul tells them that they have come together to now eat the Lord’s supper.
Verse 21, He tells them, instead of the Lord’s supper, they are taking it as their own supper to eat because one is hungry and another is drunk, like a social meal. See verse 34 for more support of this thought.
Verse 22, Seems to support my idea as he asks them don’t they have their own houses to eat and drink in and then reminds them they are in the Church of God.
**1Co 11:23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, that the Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed, took bread,
1Co 11:24 And giving thanks, broke and said: Take ye and eat: This is my body, which shall be delivered for you. This do for the commemoration of me.
1Co 11:25 In like manner also the chalice, after he had supped, saying: This chalice is the new testament in my blood. This do ye, as often as you shall drink, for the commemoration of me.
1Co 11:26 For as often as you shall eat this bread and drink the chalice, you shall shew the death of the Lord, until he come.
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Verse 23 - 26 He let’s them know exactly what the Lord’s supper is. Notice he is repeating Christ’s instructions. as it was taught to him by the other Apostles, by telling them what the Lord said specifically, “This is my body…This chalice is the new teastament in my blood”. Another word for testament is convenant. He tells them for as often, this means it is done often, that they proclaim the death of the Lord, until he comes again.
**1Co 11:27 Therefore, whosoever shall eat this bread, or drink the chalice of the Lord unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and of the blood of the Lord.
1Co 11:28 But let a man prove himself: and so let him eat of that bread and drink of the chalice.
1Co 11:29 For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily eateth and drinketh judgment to himself, not discerning the body of the Lord.
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Now St. Paul really explains the importance of the Lord’s supper and the ramifications of receiving unworthily, or not treating the Lord’s supper without the reverence due. Notice in both explanations in verses 27 and 29 that he says eating and drinking the bread and chalice unworthily makes one guilty of the body and blood of the Lord or not discerning the body of the Lord.
In between his explanations of receiving unworthily, he tells them to let a man prove himself and then let him eat of that bread and drink of the chalice. This clearly shows these instructions are to the Church by stating, “let a man prove himself”, then let him eat the bread and drink of the chalice.
**1Co 11:30 Therefore are there many infirm and weak among you: and many sleep.
1Co 11:31 But if we would judge ourselves, we should not be judged.
1Co 11:32 But whilst we are judged, we are chastised by the Lord, that we be not condemned with this world.
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The infirmed, weak and those asleep are not seeing the Lord’s supper for what it is, or more simply put, they don’t believe it is what he is teaching them.
Judging one’s self prevents receiving while in a state of sin. Why else would he explain that judging theirselves prevents the judgement and chastisement of the Lord?
**1Co 11:33 Wherefore, my brethren, when you come together to eat, wait for one another.
1Co 11:34 If any man be hungry, let him eat at home; that you come not together unto judgment. And the rest I will set in order, when I come. **
Verse 33 tells them when they come together for the Lord’s supper that they need to wait for one another. Now it appears they are waiting for a one at a time reception of the Eucharistic meal, like being in line to receive communion.
Verse 34 again tells them if they are hungry, let them eat at home so they do not come unto judgement. This removes the idea, that the wealthy are eating and not letting others eat, but supports the idea that instead of a social gathering for a meal, they have come together for the Lord’s supper which requires reverence.