It’s enough to see the bias in this matter and how the scientific community will accept philosophical materialism but not traditional theological concepts (which are the foundation for the Bill of Rights in the U.S. for one thing)…
Not so. I think you need to learn a little history. The American Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments to the US constitution) of 1791, Tom Paine’s Rights of Man published also in 1791, and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen of 1789, expanded in 1793, all arose from the thinking of the Age of Enlightenment building on Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights of 1689. Thinkers like Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire and Tom Paine provided the intellectual framework for the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution and the US Bill of Rights. This was a project entirely based in Enlightenment values to enshrine the rights of the individual to free thought and free practice of religion, and to protect the individual against the improper exercise of princely, federal and religious power. It had nothing whatsoever to do with " traditional theological concepts", at least as propounded by the Roman Catholic Church which fought all of these liberal Enlightenment projects tooth and nail.
As late as 1864, 71 years after the adoption of the Bill of Rights, the arch-conservative Pius IX, smarting from the loss of the Papal States and the curtailment of the temporal power of the Church, published the Syllabus of Errors. It is hard to imagine a prospectus that flies more radically in the face of Enlightenment values, the rights of the individual and democratic determination, that more thoroughly condemns the values in the US constitution and the Bill of Rights. Amongst many other things, the Syllabus of Errors **condemns **the right of individuals to practise religion freely, the separation of Church and State, the right of the secular authorities to regulate the actions of the clergy, the power of reason, any limit on the temporal power of the church, including limiting the use of force by the church, the interference of secular authorities in the curriculum or standards of church schools and universities, the right of science and philosophy to reach conclusions which differ from church authority, the right of people to replace monarchy with democracy, the existence of a marriage contract in the absence of church sanction and so on. Traditional theological concepts, or at least those concepts represented as such by the Roman Church of the day weren’t the foundation of the Bill of Rights but its dire opponents. For the foundation of the Bill of Rights, you have to look to Rationalism and Enlightenment values.
Incidentally, what was the American Catholic response to Pius IX’s Syllabus of Errors? Well, they ignored it. Many of the liberalising values that the Church fought against (unsuccessfully) during the enshrinement of individual rights in the late 18th century and that it condemned in the Syllabus of Errors have been codified in the constitutions and practice of all democratic modern states. Jolly good thing too.
Alec
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