All right, let’s go back to the beginning.
The custom of the father giving the bride away, having bridesmaids and groomsmen, etc. are Germanic tribal customs that came down through the Middle Ages to our day. They weren’t even universal Germanic customs. We have them in a lot of English-language American weddings because the Saxons and other tribes that settled England were some of the Germanic tribes in question. These customs are okayed by the Church, but they aren’t norms for everyone who’s Catholic, or even everyone who’s Roman/Latin Rite. They are not theology, any more than a wedding dress or a unity candle is theology, or any other secular fad.
Some of the attitudes described in this thread are those of secular Roman or Greek law, while others are secular or religious ideas from other places. They do not apply to general Catholic canon law or teaching
In canon law and Catholic teaching, women, like men, cease to be under their fathers" authority when they are no longer legal minors. A woman or man who lives under a father’s roof is obliged to respect his reasonable wishes until moving out; and all adult children are obliged to honor their parents in a reasonable manner. These things may not be reasonable to do if the parents are abusive.
Any person above the age of seven, or who has attained the age of reason, has the right to join the Catholic Church without parental permission and receive the various Sacraments without hindrance. Usually the Church doesn’t push this, because the Church wants to respect parental authority over minors. But if minors push this, pastors really are not allowed to stand in their way.
So if we are obliged to support the rights of seven-year-olds, I don’t see why people are shocked that we support the rights of eighteen-year-old women who are fully initiated into the Catholic Church!
If anybody is actually interested in reading, there are plenty of pre-modern texts on the obligations of adult women who are unmarried and who have careers. Father Lasance talked a fair amount about this, in reference mostly to women working in factories, or as servants, or as teachers. So did a lot of other moral teachers in the Catholic world. Their obligations did not usually involve “obeying their fathers”, and I don’t remember any concept of "spiritual authority.
OTOH, throughout Catholic history, there are plenty of female saints who snuck out of the house and immediately began disobliging their parents by joining convents. Even if their fathers kidnapped them and tried to force them to marry, it was their duty to do their best to escape the house again and find a convent with better walls. For example, one of St. Dominic’s pen pals was a young lady who had to escape her family three times, and the matter was not resolved until St. Dominic was dead and Blessed Jordan of Saxony took over. (He convinced the family to build the kid a convent within easy distance of both the Dominicans and the family home, and it worked out for everyone.)