In
logic,
reductio ad absurdum (
Latin for “reduction to absurdity”), also known as
argumentum ad absurdum (
Latin for “argument to absurdity”),
apagogical arguments or the
appeal to extremes , is a form of argument that attempts either to disprove a statement by showing it inevitably leads to a ridiculous, absurd, or impractical conclusion, or to prove one by showing that if it were not true, the result would be absurd or impossible.
[1][2] Traced back to
classical Greek philosophy in Aristotle’s
Prior Analytics [2] (
Greek: ἡ εἰς τὸ ἀδύνατον ἀπόδειξις,
lit. ‘demonstration to the impossible’, 62b), this technique has been used throughout history in both formal mathematical and philosophical reasoning, as well as in debate.