We have to keep in mind that in the area of human sexuality, as in many other areas, the Church has two interests.
- The Church always has a pastoral interest in the life of man. That is her role. She is going to speak to the moral question, which she does when it comes to different subjects in the area of human sexuality.
- The Church has always had a place in science too and she defends her right to have a place in the scientific community. History has proven that most of the great scientific contributions have been made by religion: Catholics, Muslims and Jews. Their scientific inquiry was motivated by faith. One of Pope Benedict’s doctoral dissertations is preciesely on the relationship between the historical sciences and the reality of God.
Having said this, the point on homosexuality is of special interest to the Church. She has a pastoral interest. She wants to present and protect revealed truth about sexual activity. She also has a scientific interest. She too wants to know the origins of homosexual orientation. She has devoted millions of dollars and many more hours of human resources to the study of human sexuality, especially homosexuality. There are psychologists, anthropologists, biologists, social workers, sociologists, theologians and philosophers who are religious or priests and have done nothing else their entire religious or priestly life but study human sexuality, from reproduction to sexual behaviors.
The average Catholic does not realize how many lay, religious and clergy do nothing else but study this field for the Church. It’s probably the second most studied area of science in the Catholic Church. The first is astronomy. The Church has been studying astronomy for centuries. The study of sexuality is younger.
The Church will not settle for any of the so called “explanations” for homosexuality. Catholic scientists find them all to be deficient. The most respected one, by the Vatican Commision on the Family, which is the commission responsible for this area, the most respect answer is the genetic answer. But I must state here, for the sake of clarity. The genetic theory is respected, but has not been adopted by the Catholic academy of sciences. It has a long way to go before it is solid.
For this reason, the Church will not commit herself to saying that homosexual tendencies or same sex attractions are a sin. There is no single solid piece of evidence that can confirm that this is a choice, without having all kinds of holes in the theory. The Church is very compassionate. She does not apply sin, when there is a doubt. So far, there is a lot of room for doubt regarding same sex attraction.
The Church can apply objective culpability, to same sex activity, because there is no objective room for doubt. Even there, the Church does not apply subjective culpability. That has to be determined in the confessional by the confessor. Contrary to popular culture, moral theology does not agree with: “Walks like a duck, quacks like a duck, therefore, it must be a duck.”
Moral theology is very objective. It walks like a duck, quacks like a duck, we assume that it is a duck until proven differently. There is always that room for innocence or lesser degrees of culpability. Innocence does not mean that the act was not committed. Innocense means that the person is not culpable of sin or at least, not grave sin. But you and I cannot decide that on our own. That is to be decided by the confessor. Which is another proof positive for the importance of sacramental confession. We are never good judges of ourselves and our actions. We tend to be too lenient or too severe.
I hope this helps someone. One of the best places to get very simple, user friendly and orthodox information on this subject is at
www.couragerc.org or the writings of Fr. John Harvey.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF
