Virgin after Jesus’ birth
All through the centuries people have denied Mary’s perpetual virginity, attributing more children to Mary and Joseph. Yet from ancient times the Church has taught that Jesus, conceived through the power of the Holy Spirit, was the only son Mary had, and that she maintained her virginity all her life. Pope St. Siricius said that God the Father reserved the womb of the Blessed Mother solely for his only-begotten Son. St. Ambrose and St. Thomas Aquinas assigned a spiritual meaning to Ezekiel 44:2: “This gate is to remain closed; it is not to be opened for anyone to enter by it; since the Lord, the God of Israel, has entered by it, it shall remain closed.” Mary is the gate, and Jesus was the only one to enter it. In Luke 1:34 Mary said to the angel: “How can this be, since I have no relations with a man?” This indicates that our Blessed Mother did not intend to have a sexual relationship with any man. In John 19:26 the dying Jesus entrusted his mother to John the Evangelist, saying “Woman, behold your son.” If our Blessed Mother had other children, Jesus would not have done this. Regarding Mary’s virginity after Jesus’ birth, proper exegesis is needed to clear up some confusion. Concerning Jesus’ conception and birth, the words “before,” “until,” and “firstborn” have occasionally cast doubt in people’s minds. The most common error is caused by the term “brothers and sisters” mentioned in the Bible. Some light will be shed on these difficulties.
In Matthew 1:18 we read: “When his mother Mary was betrothed to Joseph, but before they lived together, she was found with child through the Holy Spirit.” Mary was with child before she lived together with Joseph, that is to say, before she was brought to Joseph’s home through the wedding ceremonies. This scriptural passage simply indicates that the child Mary carries is not Joseph’s. It says nothing about what happens after the wedding. So it cannot be concluded that Mary and Joseph had sexual relations after the wedding.
Then Matthew 1:25 says that Joseph had no relations with Mary until she bore a son, and he named him Jesus. Again, this verse does not say that Joseph had relations with Mary after the birth of Jesus. It simply states that Joseph had no sexual relations beforehand.
Luke 2:6-7 records: “While they were there, the time came for her to have her child, and she gave birth to her firstborn son.” Some people conclude that, since Jesus is the firstborn son of Mary and Joseph, there must be second, third, fourth children. But this is not the case. The word “firstborn” means that Mary had no child previously, and that Jesus was the first one who came out of Mary’s womb. It does not necessarily demand that Mary had more children. St. Jerome says that every only son is the firstborn.
The most serious problem for many comes from the “brothers and sisters” of Jesus mentioned in the Bible. In John 2:12 we read: “After this, he and his mother, his brothers, and his disciples went down to Capernaum and stayed there only a few days.” In Matthew 13:54-56: “He came to his native place and taught the people in their synagogue. They were astonished and said ‘Where did this man get such wisdom and mighty deeds? Is he not the carpenter’s son? Is not his mother named Mary and his brother James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas? Are not his sisters all with us? Where did this man get all this?’” Luke 8:19: “Then his mother and his brothers came to him but were unable to join him because of the crowd.” Acts 1:14, talking about the first Christian community in Jerusalem, says that they all devoted themselves with one accord to prayer, together with some women, and Mary, the mother of Jesus, and his brothers. And Paul wrote in his First Letter to the Corinthians 9:5: “Do we not have the right to take along a Christian wife, as do the rest of the Apostles, and the brothers of the Lord, and Kephas?”
But we know that in the Gospels our Blessed Mother is always referred to as Jesus’ mother, not the mother of any other man or woman. And Jesus is called the son of Mary, not a son of Mary. In the finding of Jesus in the temple, when Jesus was 12 years old, we see no trace that Mary and Joseph had other children.
How about the people mentioned as Jesus’ brothers and sisters? Who are they? First of all, the term “brother” and “sister” is used in a very broad sense in the Bible. From Genesis 12:5 we know that Lot was the nephew of Abram, later known as Abraham. Thus the verse says: “Abram left Haran, his hometown, and took his wife Sarai, his brother’s son Lot … and they set out for the land of Canaan.” Yet in Genesis 13:8 Lot is considered Abram’s brother: “When dispute broke out between the herdsmen of Abram’s livestock and those of Lot’s, Abram said to Lot, ‘Let there be no dispute between me and you, nor between my herdsmen and yours, for we are brothers’” (See the Jerusalem Bible version). Likewise Laban is the brother of Rebecca, Jacob’s mother. Hence Laban is Jacob’s uncle, but he is called Jacob’s brother (Gen 29:15). In the Song of Songs one’s wife is referred to as his sister: “You have ravished my heart, my sister, my bride; You have ravished my heart with one glance of your eyes, with one bead of your necklace” (Song 4:9). Of course we know that at the Last Judgment Jesus will call all men his brothers, for he will say to those on his right: “Amen, I say to you, whatever you did for one of these least brothers of mine, you did for me” (Matt 26:40).