about the absolute unity of G-d, I have no doubt.
This is a major point of difference. Catholics believe in the Trinity. Jews believe that God is One and reject the idea of a Trinitarian God. There are other points of difference in how to interpret some of what Jesus said. Catholics interpret one way, Jews may interpret it differently and as such will not accept it.
Luke 14: 26 Jesus recommends to hate your father, mother, wife and children. Jewish teaching is to love them.
John 8: 44 The devil is the father of the Jews. Jews believe that they have been chosen by God to preserve monotheism. God is their Father, not the devil.
Matthew 27: 25 Let his blood be upon us and our children. Why should the Jews of today be responsible for what happened 2000 years ago? Are Catholics of today responsible for the concentration camps at Jasenovac where Serbian Orthodox were tortured and murdered under the eye of a Catholic clergyman Miroslav Filipovac, the commandant of the camp? Or are Catholics of today responsible for the looting and raping that took place against the Greek Orthodox in the Fourth Crusade?
Matthew 10: 34 Jesus did not come to bring peace, but to bring a sword. Jews may look for a Messiah who will bring peace to the world.
Matthew 27: 46 can be puzzling to a person who is trying to believe in the divinity of Jesus.
Matthew 18: 9 Matthew 5: 29. If your eye causes you to sin, then pluck it out.
Matthew 5: 30 If your hand causes you to sin, then cut it off.
Jewish teaching would oppose cutting off part of your body such as the hand or the eye.
Generally speaking, I think that the Messiah of the Jews was not supposed to be divine, but only a human.