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From the Christian confession that there can be only one path to salvation, however, it does not in any way follow that the Jews are excluded from God’s salvation because they do not believe in Jesus Christ as the Messiah of Israel and the Son of God. Such a claim would find no support in the soteriological understanding of Saint Paul, who in the Letter to the Romans not only gives expression to his conviction that there can be no breach in the history of salvation, but that salvation comes from the Jews (cf. also Jn 4:22). God entrusted Israel with a unique mission, and He does not bring his mysterious plan of salvation for all peoples (cf. 1 Tim 2:4) to fulfilment without drawing into it his “first-born son” (Ex 4:22). From this it is self-evident that Paul in the Letter to the Romans definitively negates the question he himself has posed, whether God has repudiated his own people. Just as decisively he asserts: “For the gifts and the call of God are irrevocable” (Rom 11:29). That the Jews are participants in God’s salvation is theologically unquestionable, but how that can be possible without confessing Christ explicitly, is and remains an unfathomable divine mystery. It is therefore no accident that Paul’s soteriological reflections in Romans 9-11 on the irrevocable redemption of Israel against the background of the Christ-mystery culminate in a magnificent doxology: “Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How inscrutable are his judgments and how unsearchable his ways” (Rom 11:33). Bernard of Clairvaux (De cons. III/I,3) says that for the Jews “a determined point in time has been fixed which cannot be anticipated”.
"THE GIFTS AND THE CALLING OF GOD ARE IRREVOCABLE" (Rom 11:29)
vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/chrstuni/relations-jews-docs/rc_pc_chrstuni_doc_20151210_ebraismo-nostra-aetate_en.html#5._The_universality_of_salvation_in_Jesus_Christ_and_God%92s_unrevoked_covenant_with_Israel
And while the Gentiles, a wild olive shoot, have been grafted on to the olive tree, they must not boast against the Jews as they are the supporting root. Aquinas is quite harsh in his words to the Gentiles, reminding them of their humble origins (895), and their promotion to the dignity of the Jews. The Jewish race is the olive tree and has borne rich spiritual fruit. The Gentiles, promoted to a partnership with the patriarchs, apostles, and prophets, are warned not to boast against the Jews, and to remember that ―Judea did not receive salvation from the Gentiles, but just the reverse: Salvation is from the Jews‘ (Jn 4:22 (897).74 Gentiles are warned to be careful in their faith. It was God who permitted some branches to be broken off so that Gentiles might be grafted in (900); similarly God might permit the Gentiles to be broken off because of unbelief (902).
“Salvation is from the Jews” (Jn 4:22): Aquinas, God, and the People of God
Dr. Fáinche Ryan, Mater Dei Institute
Paul’s reference to the Church as the “Israel of God” (Gal. 6:16) has led many throughout Church history to conclude that the Church has replaced Israel in its mission. Is the Church the “new Israel,” and if so, where does that leave the Jewish people and the mission entrusted to them?
This is a mystery about which Catholics may hold differing views. I think in some ways the Church has replaced “Israel” and in others it has not. The same Paul who called the Church the “Israel of God” also said, speaking about the Jews, that “the gifts and the call of God are irrevocable” (Rom. 11:29). A number of passages in Scripture imply that the Jews have a key role to play in the Second Coming. And the history of the Jews over the past 1,500 years seems to show that God is still involved with them in a very special way. Their very survival, despite almost continual persecution, is itself miraculous, and they certainly seem to exhibit special gifts and to play a disproportionately great role in the world. The final proof for me of their continued role is the otherwise inexplicable diabolical hatred focused on them century after century, as manifested most recently in the Holocaust.