Until the time of the
Reformation no
theologian ever thought of denying the necessity of contrition for the forgiveness of
sin. But with the coming of
Luther and his
doctrine of
justification by
faith alone the absolute necessity of contrition was excluded as by a natural consequence.
Leo X in the famous
Bull “Exsurge” [
Denzinger, no. 751 (635)] condemned the following
Lutheran position: “By no means believe that you are forgiven on account of your contrition, but because of
Christ’s words, ‘Whatsoever thou shalt loose’, etc. On this account I say, that if you receive the
priest’s absolution, believe firmly that you are absolved, and truly absolved you will be, let the contrition be as it may.”
Luther could not deny that in every
true conversion there was grief of
soul, but he asserted that this was the result of the
grace of God poured into the
soul at the time of justification, etc. (for this discussion see Vacant, Dict. de théol. cath., s.v. Contrition.)
Catholic writers have always taught the necessity of contrition for the forgiveness of
sin, and they have insisted that such necessity arises (a) from the very nature of repentance as well as (b) from the positive command of
God.