Jeff:
Have you obtained a Catechism of the Catholic Church yet? If not,
here is a website link to it, with search engine.
I just got my copy of Catholicism & Fundamentalism today. I wish I had time to dive into reading it. When you get your copy, I think it will answer many of your questions.
Off the top of my head,
I have some questions/thoughts on #5, plus they are going to have to be a little more specific.
(A) How do Catholics “add to the Scripture”?
The timeline is a little off here. It seems that Luther rejected the deutero-canonical books. In Catholicism & Fundamentalism, Karl Keating maintains that a main reason was that they conflicted with his view of theology (example 2Maccabees 12:46, doctrine of purgatory).
Tobit
Judith
Wisdom
Ecclesiasticus (Sirach)
Barcuch
1 & 2 Maccabees
parts of Esther
parts of Daniel
(B) How is it that Catholics don’t take the bible literally?
There are four main senses the bible should be interpreted, and it depends upon the scripture itself:
Literal
Allegorical
Tropological
Anagogical
Here is a link that explains these four senses.
If anyone has a clearer explanation, I am interested. Several months ago, on EWTN’s Sunday Night Live, Fr Benedict Groeschel did a good job of explaining the four senses in layman’s terms.
One part of sacred scripture that the church teaches should be taken literally is John 6. The Eucharist is the Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity of Our Lord. Jesus wanted to remain with us, really and truly, and He gave Himself to us at the Last Supper. The Eucharist is the source and summit of our faith as Catholics. Know Jesus truly present in the Blessed Sacrament and you will be home indeed.
RSV John 6
NAB John 6
Catholics take this literally, as well we should. Our Lord says over and over that we must eat His flesh and drink His blood to have life within us, so we may have eternal life and He will raise us up on the last day, His flesh is “food indeed” and His blood is “drink indeed”, etc., etc. I love to read it and meditate on it.
For Example John 6:54, 6:56
The word “eat” used is not just “eat”, but a graphic animal munching so there was no confusion . . .
“EAT”
τρώγω
trōgō (
tro’-go)
**Probably strengthened from a collateral form of the base of G5134 and G5147 through the idea of
corrosion or
wear; or perhaps rather of a base of G5167 and G5149 through the idea of a
craunching sound; to
gnaw or
chew, that is, (genitive case) to
eat: - eat. (Strong’s Commentary, available for download at
eSword.com)
Jesus spoke in many parables, and His listeners, even his disciples, sometimes had a tough time understanding the parables. It is very clear to the Catholic Church that John 6 is a literal teaching. Jesus didn’t say “wait, come back guys, I was only speaking figuratively . . . symbolically!” I think this says it all . . .
John 6:60-69 RSV