Does Catholicism say a person’s body is resurrected? Or the soul? Is the soul judged at time of death?
According to Catholic teaching, a person’s body and soul are separated at the time of death, but only for a time. At the end of time, our body and soul will be reunited and we will spend the rest of eternity in heaven with glorified, resurrected bodies. In other words, we will still be human even in heaven. We don’t become angels (i.e. pure spirits).
Our individual judgment happens at the moment of death. The general judgment comes at the end of time.
How can an omnipotent God allow bad things like Sandy Hook happen? Doesn’t seem like a kind loving God would allow this?
This is, indeed, one of the most difficult things for us to understand. Why do bad things happen to good people? If God is all knowing, he would know that something bad was going to happen. If God is all loving, he wouldn’t want something bad to happen. And if God is all powerful, then he would have the power to stop the bad thing from happening. These are the types of questions that kept me up at night.
Fundamentally, it comes down to free will. God made us free so that we could freely choose to love. Love that is coerced or forced is not really love. And if we have the capacity to choose to love, that means we have the capacity to choose
against love and do evil things. If God always and everywhere protected all people from the consequences of the evil acts of themselves and others, then we wouldn’t really have full freedom.
It is still a very hard thing to come to terms with. And truly, I don’t think that we can understand it fully. It
should grieve us to see such evil things happen. God permits the evil things to happen so that greater good can come of it. But we don’t always see how that happens. Generally, we can’t see the long game.
For me, it also helps to recognize that the entire concept of goodness makes little sense apart from God. Without a God who is Goodness itself, and who orders the universe, how can we even call any particular act “evil” (i.e. lacking in goodness)? If there is no God, on what basis can we say the mass murder of innocent people is wrong? Where do we get our measuring stick from?