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RogueSemicolon
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An article from PollyVote explains Alan Lichtman’s 13 Keys method for predicting presidential elections. The 13 Keys are, as quoted from PollyVote:
Joe Biden, then, is predicted to win based on having more Democratic seats in the US House, a recession occurring amidst the election campaign, no economic growth in the previous two terms, sustained social unrest, Trump’s propensity for producing major scandals, Trump having no significant foreign or military success to speak of, and Trump’s charisma failing to appeal to people outside his most loyal supporters.
| Keys | Topic | Threshold Condition |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Party Mandate | After the midterm elections, the incumbent party holds more seats in the U.S. House of Representatives than it did after the previous midterm elections. |
| 2 | Contest | There is no serious contest for the incumbent-party nomination. |
| 3 | Incumbency | The incumbent-party candidate is the sitting president. |
| 4 | Third Party | There is no significant third party or independent campaign. |
| 5 | Short-Term Economy | The economy is not in recession during the election campaign. |
| 6 | Long-Term Economy | Real per-capita economic growth during the term equals or exceeds mean growth during the previous two terms. |
| 7 | Policy Change | The incumbent administration effects major changes in national policy. |
| 8 | Social Unrest | There is no sustained social unrest during the term. |
| 9 | Scandal | The incumbent administration is untainted by major scandal. |
| 10 | Foreign/Military Failure | The incumbent administration suffers no major failure in foreign or military affairs. |
| 11 | Foreign/Military Success | The incumbent administration achieves a major success in foreign or military affairs. |
| 12 | Incumbent Charisma | The incumbent-party candidate is charismatic or a national hero. |
| 13 | Challenger Charisma | The challenging-party candidate is not charismatic or a national hero. |
According to CBS News, Lichtman says “seven of the 13 keys favor Biden and six favor Trump, giving the presumptive Democratic nominee the slightest advantage for victory.” Using the above system, Lichtman seems to claim Trump possesses Keys 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, and 13, noting that Trump fails to qualify as a charismatic incumbent because his charisma appeals only to a small segment of his supporters, which cancels out the advantage he holds from Joe Biden’s lack of charisma.“Unlike other systems for predicting election results, the Keys do not assume a fixed relationship between election results and one more dependent variables, such as economic growth or presidential approval ratings. Rather predictions are based on an index comprised of the number of false or negative keys: When five or fewer keys are false, the incumbent party wins; when any six or more are false, the challenging party wins.”
Joe Biden, then, is predicted to win based on having more Democratic seats in the US House, a recession occurring amidst the election campaign, no economic growth in the previous two terms, sustained social unrest, Trump’s propensity for producing major scandals, Trump having no significant foreign or military success to speak of, and Trump’s charisma failing to appeal to people outside his most loyal supporters.
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