Putting Catholic faith into action on climate change

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“We … call for a civil dialogue and prudent and constructive action to protect God’s precious gift of the earth’s atmosphere with a sense of genuine solidarity and justice for all God’s children.”

This is on the Catholic Coalition Climate Change web site - and I found it in other places, for example the diocese of Detroit: vocationsdetroit.org/NR/exeres/3635194B-E54C-49A9-99B1-A83B71F9BB6D.htm?wbc_purpose=Basic&NRMODE=Unpublished and also attributed to the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. And given the locations, I believe them to be trustworthy sources of the quote from the USCCB
I found it. It is from the 2001 document that WAS voted upon by the USCCB entitled “Global Climate Change: A Plea for Dialogue, Prudence, and the Common Good”. This document was referenced much earlier in this thread and includes lots of great stuff.
As Catholic bishops, we make no independent judgment on the plausibility of “global warming.” Rather, we accept the consensus findings of so many scientists and the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as a basis for continued research and prudent action (see the sidebar: The Science of Global Climate Change). Scientists engaged in this research consistently acknowledge the difficulties of accurate measurement and forecasting. Models of measurement evolve and vary in reliability. Researchers and advocates on all sides of the issue often have stakes in policy outcomes, as do advocates of various courses of public policy. News reports can oversimplify findings or focus on controversy rather than areas of consensus. Accordingly, interpretation of scientific data and conclusions in public discussion can be difficult and contentious matters.
The panel said that “greenhouse gases are accumulating in the Earth’s atmosphere as a result of human activities. . . .” It also found that “we cannot rule out that some significant part of these changes are also a reflection of natural variability. . . . Because there is considerable uncertainty in current understanding of how the climate system varies naturally and reacts to emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols, current estimates of the magnitude of future warming should be regarded as tentative and subject to future adjustments (either upward or downward). . . .”
and
We should promote a respect for nature that encourages policies fostering natural family planning and the education of women and men rather than coercive measures of population control or government incentives for birth control that violate local cultural and religious norms.
As for the Catholic Coalition on Climate Change being advisors to the USCCB - again, any copy I posted was from their own web site, and since they were launched bu the USCCB, then by the authority of the bishops is how I read it… .
Where did you find that they were launched by the USCCB? I couldn’t find any such relationship or that they were operating under any authority of the Bishops. I only found that they were loosely partnered with one office of the USCCB through a program it funds. It seems they are self-apointed advisors to the USCCB. And that is a role anyone can claim. 😃
 
Thank you, and for clarification, **I really do not miss the point. ** And have had this discussion earlier in the thread, but am happy to again offer clarification.

Perhaps I have given the impression that I thought that the direction was mandated under penalty of sin, I am under no impression that there is any ‘mandate’ from the Church on ‘how’ we should act in response to climate change. I am however grateful for the information and their leadership. I value the educated opinion presented, you obviously disagree.
No one said anything about “penalty of sin”. Yes, the CCCC has offered an opinion. That opinion may be shared by some bishops. It is opinion, not leadership.
As you say - we are under no ‘mandate’ to support any specific action, and in fact many people of faith have come to different conclusions and believe no action is warranted.
You keep saying that. But I don’t think anyone says “no action is warranted”. Rather we have different ideas on the kind of action that is warranted.
I - here speaking for myself as I have tried to do in all my posts - am very grateful that the Catholic Coalition on Climate Change exists, the fact that the USCCB is a partner - **for me **- adds weigh to their call to action as does the list of other Catholic groups / organizations / leaders, who are also partners with CCC in sharing this information with individuals and parishes:
This directly from their web site:
Please use the quote feature when copying from other sources. As this thread grows it is becoming more and more difficult to differentiate your words from those that are cut and pasted from elsewhere.
Since from what I have read and have come to believe that Global Climate Change is real and that our actions have impacted it - I (again just speaking for myself) am trying to take personal action and will work to invite others to consider that their actions too may make a difference. Obviously, anyone can ignore me, the CCCC, the USCCB, even the Holy Father unless he is speaking Ex Cathedra - and believe and act as you wish.
Quite an accusation since the only group of those listed above that has spoken is the CCCC. If, and when, the USCCB or the Holy Father speak out on this, that will be a different story. Catholics, by the way, are NOT free to ignore the Holy Father when he speaks outside of Ex Cathedra proclamations. His teaching is authoratative, even when he is not speaking infallably.
I really don’t think that those of us in developed countries will be that drastically impacted by climate change - it is those in developing countries, where malaria will kill more children, where potable water will become less available for families, so, I’ve tried to make personal changes, and again - try to have a dialogue with other Catholics because I know that this faith community actually cares about a child in Zimbabwe - not just our own families. Peace
It is interesting that you mention malaria since many more children have died from maleria since the banning of DDT. This is a perfect example of a well-meaning action that did more harm than good.

And I am very concerned with the poor “in Zimbabwe” but also the poor closer to home. Higher fuel prices will drive more families into homelessness, increase unemployment and make it more difficult to get aid to those in need. We can’t just do what “looks good on paper” but must think these things through.
 
I found it. It is from the 2001 document that WAS voted upon by the USCCB entitled “Global Climate Change: A Plea for Dialogue, Prudence, and the Common Good”. This document was referenced much earlier in this thread and includes lots of great stuff.
Good job Corki:thumbsup: - so - if they voted on this position - do you think that this implies that that as Catholics we too should look to the IPPC for accurate information on Climate change?
Where did you find that they were launched by the USCCB? I couldn’t find any such relationship or that they were operating under any authority of the Bishops. I only found that they were loosely partnered with one office of the USCCB through a program it funds. It seems they are self-apointed advisors to the USCCB. And that is a role anyone can claim. 😃
So - not launched ‘by’ but ‘with the support of…’ -
Again - directly from their web site: catholicclimatecovenant.org/about-us/

“In 2006, the Catholic Coalition on Climate Change was launched with the support of both the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops and the National Religious Partnership for the Environment. The Catholic Coalition on Climate Change supports and complements USCCB’s Department of Justice, Peace and Human Development (formerly, the Department of Social Development and World Peace) and the bishops’ Environmental Justice Program. The Coalition is a membership organization consisting of twelve national Catholic organizations that offers advice and assistance in implementing its programs.”

“With the help of the National Religious Partnership for the Environment and the full support and cooperation of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, the Coalition will launch The Catholic Climate Covenant: The St. Francis Pledge to Care for Creation and the Poor on April 22.”
 
Good job Corki:thumbsup: - so - if they voted on this position - do you think that this implies that that as Catholics we too should look to the IPPC for accurate information on Climate change?
I find this suggestion astonishing: are we to look to the USCCB for direction on climatology? This is a scientific question about which the USCCB has no particular expertise; why on earth should one give any significance to their opinion as to who is or is not an expert source on the subject?
I - here speaking for myself as I have tried to do in all my posts - am very grateful that the Catholic Coalition on Climate Change exists, the fact that the USCCB is a partner - **for me **- adds weigh to their call to action as does the list of other Catholic groups / organizations / leaders, who are also partners with CCC in sharing this information with individuals and parishes:
This is regrettable as they have no weight to add to a scientific debate, and this is the very thing that bothers me most about the USCCB: they make pronouncements about things outside of their competence and use their moral authority to further political goals by implying - since the bishops have rendered an opinion - that there is some moral argument in favor of it … when in fact there is none at all.

Corki has made the relevant point: the disagreement is not over whether we should do the right thing, it is an argument about what the right thing is, and a bishop’s opinion is of no help whatever in resolving that question.

Ender
 
I find this suggestion astonishing: are we to look to the USCCB for direction on climatology? This is a scientific question about which the USCCB has no particular expertise; why on earth should one give any significance to their opinion as to who is or is not an expert source on the subject?
I am not looking to them for their opinion on the science of the issue - but rather on ‘Putting Catholic faith into action…’ per the original post.
Obviously if you have concluded that climate change isn’t real, and you do not believe you should take any action… I am guessing this doesn’t have any significance for you at all.
I happen to believe that the Bishops are a group of well educated men who have had the opportunity to review the information as anyone has and they have drawn their conclusion apparently.
This is regrettable as they have no weight to add to a scientific debate, and this is the very thing that bothers me most about the USCCB: they make pronouncements about things outside of their competence and use their moral authority to further political goals by implying - since the bishops have rendered an opinion - that there is some moral argument in favor of it … when in fact there is none at all.

Corki has made the relevant point: the disagreement is not over whether we should do the right thing, it is an argument about what the right thing is, and a bishop’s opinion is of no help whatever in resolving that question.

Ender
And you are of course entitled to your opinion.
You obviously have issue with the USCCB on this point, and perhaps others.

For me (again, speaking only for myself) the emphasis that I take from this information is where to keep the emphasis in this discussion as a Catholic - THE STRESS FROM THE USCCB - the way any action might impact the poor of the world.

Some have concluded that cap and trade will hurt the poor, others stress that it must be done. Some argue that a cash for clunkers will hurt the poor, others stress that helping people afford a better mpg car is a good thing. ----- This is where I think the discussion belongs - WHAT to do and WHAT not to do ---- BECAUSE some actions will or will not hurt the poor in the short term / vs / long term. I am not arguing any specific policy action, only sharing what I’ve done personally and WHY I’ve done that (again for those not reading the entire thread - this includes moving to a plant based diet - vegan). Peace
 
Please use the quote feature when copying from other sources. As this thread grows it is becoming more and more difficult to differentiate your words from those that are cut and pasted from elsewhere.
I’m sorry - I guess I still need to learn more of the ways of the forum - so sorry if I’ve omitted the quote feature :o
Quite an accusation since the only group of those listed above that has spoken is the CCCC. If, and when, the USCCB or the Holy Father speak out on this, that will be a different story. Catholics, by the way, are NOT free to ignore the Holy Father when he speaks outside of Ex Cathedra proclamations. His teaching is authoratative, even when he is not speaking infallably. .
Thanks for that - I’ve found a couple of links —

vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/2008/documents/rc_seg-st_20080212_climate-change_en.html

vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/2007/documents/rc_seg-st_20070924_ipcc_en.html
It is interesting that you mention malaria since many more children have died from maleria since the banning of DDT. This is a perfect example of a well-meaning action that did more harm than good.

And I am very concerned with the poor “in Zimbabwe” but also the poor closer to home. Higher fuel prices will drive more families into homelessness, increase unemployment and make it more difficult to get aid to those in need. We can’t just do what “looks good on paper” but must think these things through.
The DDT issue is one that has been recently addressed for use in developing countries - but even before the bans - malaria had mutated so much in endemic countries to become resistant to first course treatment - that it had little impact even then - and DDT is VERY dangerous for unborn children - this is one of those doubled edge swords.

And for the child in Zimbabwe - all I was trying to say was that I assumed that CAF was a place where there would be people who did care this child even if they might never meet her.
 
I am not looking to them for their opinion on the science of the issue - but rather on ‘Putting Catholic faith into action…’ per the original post.
The ability to “put Catholic faith into action” on this issue is totally dependent on the answer to the scientific question: is the theory of AGW valid? If the theory is wrong then all of the suggestions about what should be done to reduce man’s impact are wrong as well. The point is that the bishops offer nothing whatever in resolving the scientific question and until that question is resolved it is meaningless to talk about putting faith into action.
I happen to believe that the Bishops are a group of well educated men who have had the opportunity to review the information as anyone has and they have drawn their conclusion apparently.
So you do believe that the bishops are the ones to turn to for their scientific expertise but beyond that you seem to believe that they have also given their opinion on the validity of AGW. In fact, of course, they have not and it is not clear why you think that they have.
For me (again, speaking only for myself) the emphasis that I take from this information is where to keep the emphasis in this discussion as a Catholic - THE STRESS FROM THE USCCB - the way any action might impact the poor of the world.
Fine, but surely the significant point is that we don’t know what actions will impact the poor the most. If AGW is true then the long term gain of your actions might override the short term costs, but if it is false then nothing will reverse the short term costs and the poor will simply be worse off than before. Everything depends on the answer to the scientific question and answering that question is unarguably beyond the competence of the USCCB - nor have they attempted to answer it.
This is where I think the discussion belongs - WHAT to do and WHAT not to do ---- BECAUSE some actions will or will not hurt the poor in the short term / vs / long term.
I agree with this so long as the discussion does not imply that one set of actions is morally preferable to another. This is not a moral issue.

Ender
 
The ability to “put Catholic faith into action” on this issue is totally dependent on the answer to the scientific question: is the theory of AGW valid? If the theory is wrong then all of the suggestions about what should be done to reduce man’s impact are wrong as well. The point is that the bishops offer nothing whatever in resolving the scientific question and until that question is resolved it is meaningless to talk about putting faith into action.
So you do believe that the bishops are the ones to turn to for their scientific expertise but beyond that you seem to believe that they have also given their opinion on the validity of AGW. In fact, of course, they have not and it is not clear why you think that they have.
Fine, but surely the significant point is that we don’t know what actions will impact the poor the most. If AGW is true then the long term gain of your actions might override the short term costs, but if it is false then nothing will reverse the short term costs and the poor will simply be worse off than before. Everything depends on the answer to the scientific question and answering that question is unarguably beyond the competence of the USCCB - nor have they attempted to answer it.
I agree with this so long as the discussion does not imply that one set of actions is morally preferable to another. This is not a moral issue.

Ender
I completely understand your point about the science issue and that the Bishops are not scientists - HOWEVER - what I understand is being addressed by the Catholic Coalition on Climate Change with the USCCB as a partner is that ALL ACTION should keep the needs of the poor at the heart of the discussion - and THIS is the moral issue.

From what I have read, and apparently what the USCCB has read, met and voted upon It in 2001 entitled “Global Climate Change: A Plea for Dialogue, Prudence, and the Common Good”. usccb.org/sdwp/international/globalclimate.shtml (thank you again Corki for finding the document 👍)

As Catholic bishops, we make no independent judgment on the plausibility of “global warming.” Rather, we accept the consensus findings of so many scientists and the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as a basis for continued research and prudent action (see the sidebar: The Science of Global Climate Change). Scientists engaged in this research consistently acknowledge the difficulties of accurate measurement and forecasting. Models of measurement evolve and vary in reliability. Researchers and advocates on all sides of the issue often have stakes in policy outcomes, as do advocates of various courses of public policy. News reports can oversimplify findings or focus on controversy rather than areas of consensus. Accordingly, interpretation of scientific data and conclusions in public discussion can be difficult and contentious matters.

Responsible scientific research is always careful to recognize uncertainty and is modest in its claims. Yet over the past few decades, the evidence of global climate change and the emerging scientific consensus about the human impact on this process have led many governments to reach the conclusion that they need to invest time, money, and political will to address the problem through collective international action.The virtue of prudence is paramount in addressing climate change. This virtue is not only a necessary one for individuals in leading morally good lives, but is also vital to the moral health of the larger community. Prudence is intelligence applied to our actions. It allows us to discern what constitutes the common good in a given situation. Prudence requires a deliberate and reflective process that aids in the shaping of the community’s conscience. Prudence not only helps us identify the principles at stake in a given issue, but also moves us to adopt courses of action to protect the common good. Prudence is not, as popularly thought, simply a cautious and safe approach to decisions. Rather, it is a thoughtful, deliberate, and reasoned basis for taking or avoiding action to achieve a moral good.

In facing climate change, what we already know requires a response; it cannot be easily dismissed. Significant levels of scientific consensus—even in a situation with less than full certainty, where the consequences of not acting are serious—justifies, indeed can obligate, our taking action intended to avert potential dangers. In other words, if enough evidence indicates that the present course of action could jeopardize humankind’s well-being, prudence dictates taking mitigating or preventative action.

This responsibility weighs more heavily upon those with the power to act because the threats are often greatest for those who lack similar power, namely, vulnerable poor populations, as well as future generations. According to reports of the IPCC, significant delays in addressing climate change may compound the problem and make future remedies more difficult, painful, and costly. On the other hand, the impact of prudent actions today can potentially improve the situation over time, avoiding more sweeping action in the future.
 
I’m a degreed meteorologist, and I say May and this June are pretty decent proof there in no global warming. Following all this bs means I loose my car which means I have no way to make a livng, which means theres no way for my disabled wife to get to most of her doctors. Protecting the Earth from global warming will in essance kill me and my wife.:mad:
So you’re a “degreed meteorologist”. How exactly does that give you qualifications as a climatologist?

Bucky
 
As a Catholic of some seven plus decades, I find it interesting that we have shifted our churchly concerns from saving our souls to saving the planet. I seem to detect an old pagan religion and politics at work here - Panthism and one world control.

The question seems to be reduced to simple choices of evil: which is worse -faux stewardship of the deceit of sheer politics, masquarading as science and morality.

Stewardship? Satan still enjoys success at quoting God’s good things to spread his evil.
 
As a Catholic of some seven plus decades, I find it interesting that we have shifted our churchly concerns from saving our souls to saving the planet. I seem to detect an old pagan religion and politics at work here - Panthism and one world control.

The question seems to be reduced to simple choices of evil: which is worse -faux stewardship of the deceit of sheer politics, masquarading as science and morality.

Stewardship? Satan still enjoys success at quoting God’s good things to spread his evil.
Amen brother! 👍

Some may still fall for climate change bullying
 
As a Catholic of some seven plus decades, I find it interesting that we have shifted our churchly concerns from saving our souls to saving the planet. I seem to detect an old pagan religion and politics at work here - Panthism and one world control.

The question seems to be reduced to simple choices of evil: which is worse -faux stewardship of the deceit of sheer politics, masquarading as science and morality.

Stewardship? Satan still enjoys success at quoting God’s good things to spread his evil.
Don, I am quite confused by your post.

Are you proposing that what the Holy Father has said, i.e. "“In particular, environmental degradation makes poor people’s existence intolerable,” ( catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0604876.htm ) is somehow not what should be said?

I appreciate that for SOME this issue can overtake their minds and become of more importance than their faith ---- HOWEVER on this thread we are discussion how CATHOLICS are addressing this issue, BECAUSE of faith, and a belief that God entrusted us as stewards of creation.
 
Don, I am quite confused by your post.

Are you proposing that what the Holy Father has said, i.e. "“In particular, environmental degradation makes poor people’s existence intolerable,” ( catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0604876.htm ) is somehow not what should be said?

I appreciate that for SOME this issue can overtake their minds and become of more importance than their faith ---- HOWEVER on this thread we are discussion how CATHOLICS are addressing this issue, BECAUSE of faith, and a belief that God entrusted us as stewards of creation.
Not at all. I haven’t spoken about misusing living things -on the contrary - I was a vocal advocate for the wise use (conservation) of the environment long before most on this thread were born. I love the environment, which is why I speak, but I also abhor its abuse.

But, neither do I worship it, as many poor misled souls do today, nor do I submit to using it as a weapon to stampede the less aware into political and economic irresponsibility.

I am not ignoring our responsibility to be wise stewards. You might recall that all the stewards in the bible were not considered to be good. I speak of those that would take a good - environronmental stewardship - (and true science) and convert it into a political tool for nefarious purposes. This is a serious problem with the global warming politicans, who alter science into “consensus” to create a political hoax and an economic windfall for the benefit of the well situated (Al Gore - GE – the UN)

The mission element in this politicized (junk) science, is truth, which I need not remind any Catholic, will set us free.
 
Man-Made global warming is not real.

The temperature of the planet has not increased in 10 years despite increasing CO2 emissions.

Plus, over the past ten years, despite increasing man-made CO2 emissions, there has not been a corresponding increase in atmospheric carbon.

Additionally, the USCCB has not magisterial teaching authority, period.

Lastly, when he had a chance to say something on the issue of climate change in the last encyclical Pope Benedict XVI, clearly decided to say silent on the topic. Guess what the Pope can get science wrong. After all, the Pope at the time of Galileo thought that the Sun was the center of the universe. So, assuming the Pope does believe in global warming, which there is no explicit reference which shows he does, no “environmental degradation” does not count, he could be just as wrong as the Popes who thought the center of the universe was the sun.

The Church is infallible in matters of faith and morals, not science.

I have a degree in Environmental Engineering, I’ve seen the models, trust me, they are junk.
 
I can not beleive a sensible person would buy into the climate change garbage,a science only followed for a few short yrs and in actuallity a false religion. Like one other said it was created by one commie imitator Al Gore and like a wise man said in order to understand anything proposed by Government or business just follow the money trail. I’m a strong believer in the old Chicken little story. Have anyone of you here followed the proposed cost to the average American if the Cap bill on energy is approved.Rich or poor they say it will average out to $2600 a yr added cost so if my figures are correct that means the average American family will have to come up with $216.00 a month more in energy cost.Mean while China continues building coal fired energy plants at a record pace and not sure of the number but i’m thinking a average of 10 a month go on line in China every month or year. What ever the number is it’s a lot.As to were causing this baloney called Climate Change (which by the way is a constant) my question is if Humans are causing it then what caused the end of the last big ice age that ended over a million yrs ago. As one can tell i get worked up over the stupidity of so called intelligent people. But God does say in the latter days he will cause a delusion to come over people. Do we need to be stewards of Gods earth absolutely but Global Climate Change is just wrong and there are scientist ever so moderately coming out now and saying no to Climate Change and some are calling it a hugh Hoax.
 
Not at all. I haven’t spoken about misusing living things -on the contrary - I was a vocal advocate for the wise use (conservation) of the environment long before most on this thread were born. I love the environment, which is why I speak, but I also abhor its abuse.
Yet you posted:
Stewardship? Satan still enjoys success at quoting God’s good things to spread his evil.
But, neither do I worship it, as many poor misled souls do today, nor do I submit to using it as a weapon to stampede the less aware into political and economic irresponsibility.

I am not ignoring our responsibility to be wise stewards. You might recall that all the stewards in the bible were not considered to be good. I speak of those that would take a good - environronmental stewardship - (and true science) and convert it into a political tool for nefarious purposes. This is a serious problem with the global warming politicans, who alter science into “consensus” to create a political hoax and an economic windfall for the benefit of the well situated (Al Gore - GE – the UN)

The mission element in this politicized (junk) science, is truth, which I need not remind any Catholic, will set us free.
Being a Catholic thread we are here discussing the response people of faith have, you may be discounting this as nefarious - many of us believe it is in keeping with our faith.
 
Man-Made global warming is not real.

The temperature of the planet has not increased in 10 years despite increasing CO2 emissions.

Plus, over the past ten years, despite increasing man-made CO2 emissions, there has not been a corresponding increase in atmospheric carbon.

Additionally, the USCCB has not magisterial teaching authority, period.

Lastly, when he had a chance to say something on the issue of climate change in the last encyclical Pope Benedict XVI, clearly decided to say silent on the topic. Guess what the Pope can get science wrong. After all, the Pope at the time of Galileo thought that the Sun was the center of the universe. So, assuming the Pope does believe in global warming, which there is no explicit reference which shows he does, no “environmental degradation” does not count, he could be just as wrong as the Popes who thought the center of the universe was the sun.

The Church is infallible in matters of faith and morals, not science.

I have a degree in Environmental Engineering, I’ve seen the models, trust me, they are junk.
Yes the Church has gotten things wrong in the past, so to those who disagree with the science of their day.

I for one agree with the following from “Global Climate Change: A Plea for Dialogue, Prudence, and the Common Good”. usccb.org/sdwp/internatio…lclimate.shtml

As Catholic bishops, we make no independent judgment on the plausibility of “global warming.” Rather, we accept the consensus findings of so many scientists and the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as a basis for continued research and prudent action
 
I can not beleive a sensible person would buy into the climate change garbage,a science only followed for a few short yrs and in actuallity a false religion.
To repeat: .

I for one agree with the following from “Global Climate Change: A Plea for Dialogue, Prudence, and the Common Good”. usccb.org/sdwp/internatio…lclimate.shtml

As Catholic bishops, we make no independent judgment on the plausibility of “global warming.” Rather, we accept the consensus findings of so many scientists and the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as a basis for continued research and prudent action
 
Yet you posted:
Stewardship? Satan still enjoys success at quoting God’s good things to spread his evil.

Being a Catholic thread we are here discussing the response people of faith have, you may be discounting this as nefarious - many of us believe it is in keeping with our faith.
All well and good, just be sure that thousands of scientists disagree with it - those that haven’t been intimidated with loss of job or grant, and still seek “truth.”

Science is not supposed to be the thing we have “faith in” - that’s religion. Though for the life of me, I can’t figure out rational people thinking CO2 that God made all living things breathe, is a pollutant that can only be cured by giving our wealth away, lest the seas rise.
 
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