Darwin, in fairness, regardless of how much “SCIENCE” (in your emphasis) has shown us, and no matter how justifiable it is, the magnificence of the cosmos can hardly be shoved to the side as a way of elevating science over religion. As Hawking is well aware, and Heidegger before him, and Putnam as well come to think of it today, science is and must always work with that which already exists in a descriptive sort of way. (According to Heisenburg and Popper, it can’t even create new paradigms when data contradicts belief, but must rely upon philosophical imagination!). Science, for this reason, can never explain why, as Heidegger put it, there is “something rather than nothing.” This is the ultimate question of philosophy, and it hinges directly to the answer which man gives to himself about the meaning of his existence. Religion, in general, across human cultures, always shows, through its symbols and myths, a reverence for that intractable mystery of existence. It doesn’t matter if Hawking’s model is right, and the universe has existed for 13 billion years. The energy in that singularity is still presupposed, and no scientific model can “get beneath” the presupposition of energy in some shape or fashion. So do not mistaken tertiary questions about particular things with the ultimate question about why there is something rather than nothing. The question about God is such an ultimate question. Likewise the question of life’s origins.
On the same note, let us not suppose we can speak of whether or not God “exists.” This foolish exorcise can only be undertaken by someone who thinks of God as a being somewhere in the sky Who caused everything to come into being in a mechanical way, like Aquinas’ first cause. The scientist can rightly contest this line of argument and say that, instead of God as the brute fact, why not the universe itself? Or energy? Besides the obviously problematic materialism of the first suggestion, the theist in the proper sense is still powerless to refute this line of argument because he has already improperly framed the question. Further, if God is a being, He is not the source of being, and must have been created himself. The Christian belief in creation ex nihilo is supposed to protect from just this sort of foolish exorcise in thought about God. It, obviously, has not been sufficient in itself…
A little philosophical insight recognizes that there must be “something” posited as the brute fact somewhere along the way of our thought. Since the question is ultimately about being, I, and many thinkers like Tillich, think that “being-itself,” though a highly metaphorical phrase, is a good place to start. This allows science to, perhaps, discover something of a better category than “quantum energy,” if exploration in the future takes us in that direction. In an analogous way in the religious sphere, the question about God or not God is not a question of whether or not, but what. Something must be the brute fact which resists total non-being. The question, in other words, is this: is the ground of being personal or not?
Now I think it fair to assert that that which emerges in the universe says something about its source, ground, or origin. Matter points to energy, Life to matter, Psyche to life. In each case, though, something completely new has emerged which could not have been imagined by the rules of the lower level in one’s wildest imagination. This led the philosopher Immanuel Kant to posit that life, as a principle, must be present already in matter (science was decidedly materialist in Kant’s day, so life being inherent in matter was a radical assertion). This is called hylozoism. However, all life processes, as Aristotle was aware, have an inner telos or aim. It cannot ever be completely reduced, in other words, to matter, because matter shows no such teleology. Thus, something behind or below each must be presupposed from which the principles of spontaneity can draw. This is especially pointed at the level of the self.
The scientist, by definition, tries to remove himself, and for that reason the personal, from the universe he studies. This is what the scientist is supposed to do. But at what point does the scientist stop looking honestly at that very universe which has personal beings in it? The scientist cannot remove himself, or the rest of those personal beings whom the universe has given rise. From whence their origin? They can hardly be reduced to biological processes, just as life cannot be reduced to mechanical material processes, and now that we see more profoundly, neither can mechanistic materialism be reduced to the quantum level, a highly spontaneous place. In other words, the question of the personal is also coincidental with the question of being itself. It cannot be reduced to some other estimable procedure definable by science. It is thus left to the realm of the ultimate, and therefore the question as to whether the ground of being is personal, that is, the “I AM,” must be left to the theologians.
GM