Wow!
First, welcome to both of you.
As a baptized Catholic, our OP is bound by the Catholic laws on marriage. Look at it this way, the Catholic is a citizen of both the country in which they live AND the Catholic Church. In order for the marriage to be recognized by the Catholic Church, a Catholic has to marry according to the Church laws.
Those laws are that a Catholic must marry in a Catholic Church OR get a dispensation (permission) from the Bishop to marry somewhere else.
Should the Catholic in question have fallen out of practice, they are still a Catholic and bound by the laws of the Church. The only way in today’s world for someone to no longer be bound by those laws is to formally defect (one can google formal defection from the Catholic Church and find how one does that). The high points are for this Catholic to have defected and not be bound by the marriage laws, they would have had to write a letter to the Bishop and the Bishop has to acknowledge it. I really doubt that the OP went to that effort…
So, the OP is a Catholic, he attempted a marriage outside of the Church. In order to have a valid marriage in the eyes of God, the OP will need to be married in the Church (called convalidation). It is not required to be a full blow huge wedding, it is preparation and a simple ceremony.
Whew.
All that being said, it seems that this couple needs some wise counsel.
For the OP’s legal wife, perhaps you could get the DVD “Common Ground” from the website
www.catholicprotestant.com this might assist you in learning what we have in common with Protestants. Another idea is to attend the RCIA classes at a local Parish. Attending RCIA does not mean you promise to convert, it is simply a place to learn more and ask questions.
Lastly, if you do convalidate, you are heading down a hard road. You will need every single drop of grace to make your marriage work.
The book by Fulton Sheen, “Three To Get Married” will give you an idea of what a Sacramental marriage is - and take it from me, it is something that will help you get to heaven.
Prayers.