Ok, I know the whole Dogma, Doctrine, tradition, Extraordinary/Universal/Ordinay Magisterium thing is a little confusing. So let me try to help all those who are a little confused.
Let us use another example. How about the issue of female priests?
Now, say His Holiness Benedict XVI sees that there is a growing confusion over the idea of ordaining women to the priesthood. He might write an encyclical that says,
“Christ only chose male Apostles, who were the priests, therefore only men can be priests.”
In saying this, his encyclical would be part of the
Universal Magisterium because it teaches what the Church has always taught. It does not introduce anything new, it merely restates the Tradition of the Church in this matter. Therefore, the encyclical is infallible.
But lets say that his encyclical didnt clear up the matter over female priests, and the Holy Father wants to define a male-only priesthood once and for all. He can do one of two things- he could call a Dogmatic Ecumenical Council which will address this issue. The Council will issue a Dogma saying that it is a matter of faith that only men can be ordained and that it is sacramentaly impossible for women to be priests. Or, Benedict might just make an
Ex Cathedra declaration saying,
“By the authority of Our Lord Jesus Christ, of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, and by Our own authority as Supreme Pontiff ,
We pronounce, declare, and define it to be a divinely revealed Dogma that it is sacramentaly impossible for a woman to recieve the Sacrament of Holy Orders.”
Notice something about this-
We pronounce, declare, and define it to be a divinely revealed Dogma- it is stated outright that this is a declaration of a Dogma. There is no if ands or buts about it- the Holy Father has bluntly stated that he is defining an issue and making it Dogma. He has issued an infallible statement, and should anyone deny it then
anathema sit.
Both the Dogma issued by the Council and the declaration made by the Pope are then part of the
Extraordinary Magisterium and are infallible.
Now, lets say there is a priest, we will call him Fr. X, who says,
“Women cannot be priests because the Pope says so”.
What Fr. X says is not wrong- he agrees that women cannot be priests- but it is not in accordance with tradition either, since the established doctrines of the Church say Christ established a male priesthood, not the Pope. Therefore, this falls into the
Ordinary Magisterium. The statement made by Fr. X is not infallible, although it should be taken into consideration and not immediately dismissed. Just because what Fr. X says is not exactly what the Church has always said, doesnt make him entirely wrong.
Finally, lets say there is a Catholic professor , Mr. Z, and he says,
“Women can priests, the Church is wrong to say they cant. It IS sacramentaly possible for a women to be ordained. Why should Pope Benedict say they cant?”
So, what part of the Magisterium is Mr. Z’s statement part of? Trick question- it isnt part of the Magisterium at all. In fact, it is
heresy and Mr. Z has incurred automatic excommunication-
anathema sit!
Hope my poor attempt at an explaination of the Magisterium and Infallibilty didnt confuse anyone even more