Following this thread is making my head and heart ache.
It is my understanding that when there are injustices in society then the government has a moral duty to do what it needs to do to correct these injustices. Is this a correct understanding according to the Catholic Church’s teaching on social justice?
To a certain extent and in certain areas.
‘Justice’ in terms of the Church, is giving to one what they are entitled. An ‘injustice’ is not giving to one what they are entitled.
In certain situations, like the punishement due to crime, the State is the preferred authority to give to the accused the fair trial that they are due, and the punishment due to the guilty.
On the other hand, it is an injustice in a society if everyone is not giving to God the praise He is due. I think we can all agree that the State is not really the best authority for correcting that particular injustice.
In the case of charity, there is no intrisic injustice with one person having more material possesions than another. In correcting any actual material injustice, the State may be a solution, the Church might be another, and private charity might be a third. The Church recognizes that solutions to material Justice in this space is often a matter of prudential judgement than simply referring the matter to the State.
State solutions, being seperate from the Theological Virtue of Charity, and therefore lacking in Grace, are really to be avoided unless no other solution is possible.
The solution proposed by the Church is best articulated by St. John Chrysostom, Doctor of the Church
Should we look to kings and princes to put right the inequalities between rich and poor? Should we require soldiers to come and seize the rich person’s gold and distribute it among his destitute neighbors? Should we beg the emperor to impose a tax on the rich so great that it reduces them to the level of the poor and then to share the proceeds of that tax among everyone? Equality imposed by force would achieve nothing, and do much harm.
Those who combined both cruel hearts and sharp minds would soon find ways of making themselves rich again. Worse still, the rich whose gold was taken away would feel bitter and resentful; while the poor who received the gold form the hands of soldiers would feel no gratitude, because no generosity would have prompted the gift. Far from bringing moral benefit to society, it would actually do moral harm. Material justice cannot be accomplished by compulsion, a change of heart will not follow. The only way to achieve true justice is to change people’s hearts first — and then they will joyfully share their wealth
Any enforced giving, as St. John noted, brings about resentment on behalf of the giver, and a lack of gratitude on the part of the reciever. As such, it is really not a real solution at all.