In the very first chapter of the Torah, we have this:
And God pronounced his blessing on them, Increase and multiply and fill the earth, and make it yours (Genesis 1:28)
The first command that God gives to humanity (not just to the Jews, humanity) is to procreate. This teaching comes straight from the Torah, and predates St. Paul and the Church Fathers.
Then, in chapter two, we have this:
This rib, which he had taken out of Adam, the Lord God formed into a woman; and when he brought her to Adam, Adam said, Here, at last, is bone that comes from mine, flesh that comes from mine; it shall be called Woman, this thing that was taken out of Man. That is why a man is destined to leave father and mother, and cling to his wife instead, so that the two become one flesh. Both went naked, Adam and his wife, and thought it no shame. (Genesis 2:22-25)
This is where the union and fidelity aspect of marriage is explained.
Then, in chapter three, we have this:
Then the eyes of both were opened, and they became aware of their nakedness; so they sewed fig-leaves together, and made themselves girdles (Genesis 3:7)
The last aspect of marriage, resistance to concupiscence, starts here. Notice how this wasn’t an original part of marriage, and only appears
after the Fall. Before the Fall, the sexual appetite was completely under control of the “intellectual appetite,” also known as the will. In the pre-Fall world, Adam would only feel raw sexual attraction to Eve if his will first “chose” for it to be so. His will, due to original Grace, had complete knowledge of the law of God and reason, and so would only choose to feel such feelings for rational reasons, like procreation. To put it another way, he would choose to have sex, and then he would feel passion for her, with this choice being based on reason (he wouldn’t have chosen sex for pleasure, but rather enjoyed the pleasure of sex while he chose sex for a rational reason like procreation). To cite Scripture, “Both went naked, Adam and his wife, and thought it no shame.” After the Fall, the sexual appetite, like all the sensible appetites, rebelled against Man, and thus we now are stuck in this stituation where the sexual appetite tries to tempt our will into acting on the impulse. Sometimes this impulse is not sinful in itself, like when a couple “get the feeling” and go at it, while being at least open to procreation, although this shows a weakness they have to work on. But sometimes, heck, most of the time, this impulse tries to tempt us to reject God and our wives (I write this from a man’s prospective, since I
am a man. Feel free to replace “wives” with “husbands” and so on). The resistance to concupiscence that a married couple work with is preparation for Heaven, where we will all be virgins “like the Angels, neither giving nor being given in marriage.”
Thus, in the Torah alone, all attributes of marriage are introduced and explained in the first marriage.
Christi pax,
Lucretius