Wow! I’m really excited to see such a lively discussion on Franciscan life.
I can’t post too much these days, as my health is not well. I can’t go into a lot of details, because I’d have to write a book and other people have beaten me to it.
I cut it short and sweet. There are three Franciscan Orders. To name then as Francis did probably gives us best insight to the vision that he had for each.
- Friars Minor
- Poor Sisters
- Brothers and Sisters of Penance.
We know that these names have undergone modifications over the centuries as these orders have grown.
Anyone whose initials are OFM or OFM+ is a Friar Minor.
Any PC or variation of PC (Poor Clare) is a Poor Sister
And now comes the big one. The Third Order. It’s the largest of the three Franciscan orders, because it has many branches of religious. There is only one Secular Franciscan Order. When it was founded, there was one. When the friars underwent reform, the Secular Franciscans followed the different reforms and there were four groups of Secular Franciscans, OFM, OFM Cap, OFM Conv, and TOSF (TOR). As you can see, each group was associated with one of the big groups of friars. There were no Secular Franciscans associated with any of the smaller groups of Friars and Sisters.
I believe that it was in 1978 that the Holy See reunited the entire Third Order Secular into what it called the Secular Franciscan Order, with only one General Minister, General Council, rule and constitution. There are no longer OFM, Capuchin and Conventual Tertiaries. They are back to one order. This contributed a little to the glitches in the writing of the constitutions. These men and women were coming from different histories and traditions. MY GUESS is that they tried to make the constitutions as generic as possible to include everyone, which was almost 500,000 men and women from around the world.
The fact that you can bring that many people into one fraternity is a gift of God in itself. They have done a good job as working together since the late 70s forward to discover their charism. They had a great general chapter in 2008, with delegates form around the world and agree on a number of things, including a the need for a formation program that is common to all future members of the order. That’s another miracle. I wish the US Congress could be that efficient. They agreed to this in 2008 and they have it ready to go today.
Let’s talk about other Franciscans. Over the centuries there have been very specific needs in the Church, which the Friars Minor, TORs and the SFO were unable to meet for different reasons. Men and women rose to the occasion and new communities came into existence. These communities wanted to meet these needs (teaching, nursing, caring for the poor, elderly, etc) while living the Gospel in the manner of St. Francis. They adopted either the Rule of the Friars Minor or the Rule of the Brothers and Sisters of Penance (TOR). Remember, the TOR are part of the Brothers and Sisters of Penance. They are the religious branch of the Third Order.
These communities, such as my own,were founded independently, such as the FSE or they came from one of the larger communities. My own community, which goes by OSF (Order of St. Francis) was originally two Capuchins and three Secular Franciscans. The CFR were originally 6 Caps. The MFVA at EWTN were founded by Mother Angelican and a Cap. In one way or another, all of these communities have Franciscan succession. Either the founders came from one of the orders that Francis founded or the first members came from one of those orders.
I don’t know anything about the history of the FI. I know about the charism and mission. I do know that they take their inspiration from St. Maximilian Kolbe, who was an OFM Conv, again, you have a succession. They didn’t pull their Franciscan identity out of the air. I know that in the USA there is a huge family of Franciscan Sisters, most of whom came from the Neumann Foundation. St. John Neumann founded them. They too have a Franciscan heritage. Their early sisters were Secular Franciscans.
Many communities have come out of this wonderful family. This being Christmas, I’d like to think of this family like one of those snowflakes that you see used for Christmas decorations. This is the family that goes back to one man, Francis of Assisi.
The reason that this family is so huge and diverse, is precisely because it’s father is a very difficult man to pigeon hole. There is nothing in Francis that you won’t find in Vincent de Paul, Francis de Sales, Teresa of Avila, Dominic, Mother Teresa, Benedict or Augustine.
What makes Francis such a remarkable man is his embodiment of the Gospel, not to say that these other holy men and women did not embody the Gospel. That would be an insult to them. It’s really admirable quality of our Holy Father Francis. If you want obedience and contemplation, Francis is obedient and contemplative. If you want the preacher and teacher, Francis that too. If you want the theologian, he’s a theologian. If you’re looking for the servant of the poor, you got it.
If I were to try to narrow down what makes Francis so unique, I would have to say that he is unique because he takes the Gospel at its word. He heard the message, “sell what you have, take up your cross and follow me” and he did not sit around looking for an exegetical explanation. He is the man who takes Christ as face value and allows Christ to teach him what he wants as he goes along the journey.