Free agent is not contingent

  • Thread starter Thread starter STT
  • Start date Start date
Status
Not open for further replies.
I agree that all truth is of the same “substance” (I know truth is not a substance, but I lack any term which could perhaps be similar enough for me to use), however I don’t think its an absurdity to say that there is something thats true of a particular aspect of reality (for example, there is an apple on my desk; such a truth is only a description of a particular part of reality, and not something like reality as a whole, or future and past). Now when I use the term “higher truth” what I mean to say is that, relative to some other particular truth, it brings about explanation to it or allows for it (for example, the particular truth would be there is an apple on my desk; the higher truth in relation the particular truth would be something like “I put the apple there” or “the apple is material” or “the apple is a fruit”; all such things bring greater explanation and therefore more clarity of reality; thus, it is a “higher” truth).
The only difference that I see between particular truth and higher truth is that the former points to an object whereas later is a general feature of our reality. Now, when I talk about knowledge in my argument, I mean higher knowledge instead of particular one.
In terms of description, yes; but there are truths which explain truths, which, without, would change a truth subsequent to it. Such, they are a composite of all “truths” prior to it. Note, I am not discussing a truth claim, but rather the truth in a claim.
When I say that knowledge is structured I mean the description of reality/all truth.
You do not believe that some truths are more broadly explanatory of reality and subsequent truths?
Now I agree with existence of higher truth given the definition and examples. Thanks for the clarification.
 
The soul has parts. Not material quantitative bodily parts like the parts of our bodies, but formal parts which are called the soul’s powers which are accidents of the soul. The human soul has the rational/spiritual powers of intellect and will, sensory powers, and vegetative powers. The powers of the soul are not its essence but are accidents of the soul.
I’m getting the idea that @STT is thinking “quantitative ‘bodily’ parts”, though.

Would you assert that the soul is ‘simple’ or ‘composite’, then?
 
When I say that knowledge is structured I mean the description of reality/all truth.
Thats fair. So what you call knowledge I would call specifically collective knowledge.
Now I agree with existence of higher truth given the definition and examples. Thanks for the clarification.
Great! Progress is being made. Now what I would ask is if you think my argument was valid.

P1) All particular truths are reducible to their higher truths
P2) Connected particular truths must share a particular higher truth
P3) All particular truths are connected
C1) Therefore, all particular truths are reducible to a shared highest truth

If you don’t think so, I’d love to hear your reasoning behind it.

If you do agree with my reasoning here, then perhaps what I said earlier may apply; that is:
I do find myself in agreement with both premises; creation is dependent upon knowledge, which holds a particular set of attributes if we are talking about collective knowledge. However, two things: one, if God exists as highest truth and thus highest knowledge, and if without the world (or “before” the world) there was only highest truth and highest knowledge (which are both seemingly uncomposed) then there is no need to fall into the exact pitfalls of the second premise; in fact, I’d say it may only hold true of us individuals who find ourselves in a land where there is more then highest truth and highest knowledge by which we must utilize to create anything. But it doesn’t seem to apply to anything beyond us that can utilize highest truth and knowledge (like the God we are discussing). On that regard, we may say that the argument does not extend successfully to what is God.

Furthermore, I do not hold that the argument be valid (though I do hold them to be sound to an extent), for the reasons I stated above
 
Last edited:
The soul is both simple and composite. The soul is a form, the substantial form of living things. As a form, the soul is simple and quantitatively indivisible, its not an extended body which is something made out of matter and which can be divided into parts. The soul is composite in that it has a composition, not of matter and form, but of substance and accident. For the powers of the soul are accidents of the soul. The powers of the soul are accidental forms and accidents inhere in the substance.

In the same way, angels are simple forms in that they are indivisible spirits. Without bodies, they don’t have extended quantitative parts except what we might call virtual parts. For the angels are also composed of substance and accident as their powers of intellect and will are accidents of their substance.
 
40.png
Richca:
The soul has parts. Not material quantitative bodily parts like the parts of our bodies, but formal parts which are called the soul’s powers which are accidents of the soul. The human soul has the rational/spiritual powers of intellect and will, sensory powers, and vegetative powers. The powers of the soul are not its essence but are accidents of the soul.

Free choice is an interplay of the intellect and will. The knowledge of choices are in the intellect. The intellect considers the choices, makes a judgement, and presents this judgement to the will under the aspect of good. The will follows with willing the choice. Choice is substantially an act of the will but the will doesn’t will anything without the object of the will being presented to it by the intellect. The ‘job’ of the will is to will the good which can be apparent good or true good but it is the ‘job’ of the intellect to know what to will or what good.
Which part of you decide?
I think decision is synonymous with choice which I said is substantially an act of the will. However, the intellect is also involved in making decisions or choices. For the intellect considers the decision and the will wills it. The will doesn’t will anything without its object or what to will being presented to it by the intellect.
 
Thats fair. So what you call knowledge I would call specifically collective knowledge.
I stress again. The sort of knowledge that I used in my argument in OP is higher knowledge. I agree that there are higher knowledge and particular one.
Great! Progress is being made. Now what I would ask is if you think my argument was valid.

P1) All particular truths are reducible to their higher truths
I don’t think so since as I mentioned particular truth point to an object in reality whereas the another explain a feature of the reality. Therefore, one is not reducible to another one. We however derive higher truth from particular one.
P2) Connected particular truths must share a particular higher truth
Higher truth is an abstract. It doesn’t exist ontologically. It is however structured. That is what we are discussing right now.
P3) All particular truths are connected
Yes.
C1) Therefore, all particular truths are reducible to a shared highest truth
The highest truth even if is one is a proposition. It is an abstract thing. We are abstractly blind without using any proposition.
If you don’t think so, I’d love to hear your reasoning behind it.

If you do agree with my reasoning here, then perhaps what I said earlier may apply; that is:
I don’t agree with your argument.
I do find myself in agreement with both premises; creation is dependent upon knowledge, which holds a particular set of attributes if we are talking about collective knowledge. However, two things: one, if God exists as highest truth and thus highest knowledge, and if without the world (or “before” the world) there was only highest truth and highest knowledge (which are both seemingly uncomposed) then there is no need to fall into the exact pitfalls of the second premise; in fact, I’d say it may only hold true of us individuals who find ourselves in a land where there is more then highest truth and highest knowledge by which we must utilize to create anything. But it doesn’t seem to apply to anything beyond us that can utilize highest truth and knowledge (like the God we are discussing). On that regard, we may say that the argument does not extend successfully to what is God.
Furthermore, I do not hold that the argument be valid (though I do hold them to be sound to an extent), for the reasons I stated above
Therefore, this does not follow.
 
I think decision is synonymous with choice which I said is substantially an act of the will.
No. The decision is the act of choosing in which a free agent does it.
However, the intellect is also involved in making decisions or choices.
The intellect provides choices to free agent. Intellect however is an ability of free agent who is intellectual.
For the intellect considers the decision and the will wills it. The will doesn’t will anything without its object or what to will being presented to it by the intellect.
Intellect brings choices to free agent.
 
I don’t think so since as I mentioned particular truth point to an object in reality whereas the another explain a feature of the reality. Therefore, one is not reducible to another one.
I’m not sure how that follows. If truth is some sort of aspect of reality, and I start off with something like “There is an apple on Danny’s desk” I think we can agree that this aspect of reality (truth) is composed of the severeal explanations that has this be as it is (the same way that the primary effect of a machine, like a car, is necessarily composed of the things which allow such an effect to occur at all, such as the engine and wheelsof said car); for example, my apple is on my desk because of my putting it there, the physics which allowd for placement, time, space, etc. Therefore, I think there might be a case for its composition.
We however derive higher truth from particular one.
We derive the knowledge of gravity from the observation of its effects; wouldn’t you agree that gravity was still existent before our knowledge of such gravity? And even more so, its effects? In that same way, just because we derive knowledge of higher truth sometimes by the particular does not mean that the lower come ontologically first.
Higher truth is an abstract. It doesn’t exist ontologically.
I would disagree with you on this STT; for any higher truth is only as such because of its relativity to any particular truth. Thus, even the nonabstract can be a higher truth. Further, even what is abstract, such as mathematics, are a type of truth which explains reality, and can therefore be seen as being an aspect of reality.
It is however structured. That is what we are discussing right now.
Yes; that is true. And my proposed argument against such would be that there must be a highest truth and therefore highest knowledge which cannot be structured.
The highest truth even if is one is a proposition. It is an abstract thing. We are abstractly blind without using any proposition.
What do you mean by this? Is this to say that highest truth, if there is any, cannot ever be known? Or am I misunderstanding you?
I don’t agree with your argument.
Perhaps we might be able to resolve that to at least gain some vital common ground.
Therefore, this does not follow.
Fair enough, as of now.
 
I’m not sure how that follows. If truth is some sort of aspect of reality, and I start off with something like “There is an apple on Danny’s desk” I think we can agree that this aspect of reality (truth) is composed of the severeal explanations that has this be as it is (the same way that the primary effect of a machine, like a car, is necessarily composed of the things which allow such an effect to occur at all, such as the engine and wheelsof said car); for example, my apple is on my desk because of my putting it there, the physics which allowd for placement, time, space, etc. Therefore, I think there might be a case for its composition.
I mean that in your example of apple on your desk the truth point to an object, namely apple. Higher truth are not as such, they are not pointing into any object and instead discuss a feature of reality. These two truths are mutually exclusive in the sense that they are discussing two different areas.
We derive the knowledge of gravity from the observation of its effects; wouldn’t you agree that gravity was still existent before our knowledge of such gravity? And even more so, its effects? In that same way, just because we derive knowledge of higher truth sometimes by the particular does not mean that the lower come ontologically first.
Yes, I agree with you and a yes to all your questions.
I would disagree with you on this STT; for any higher truth is only as such because of its relativity to any particular truth. Thus, even the nonabstract can be a higher truth. Further, even what is abstract, such as mathematics, are a type of truth which explains reality, and can therefore be seen as being an aspect of reality.
Yes. As I mentioned higher truth explain a feature of reality.
Yes; that is true. And my proposed argument against such would be that there must be a highest truth and therefore highest knowledge which cannot be structured.
Isn’t the highest truth a proposition?
What do you mean by this? Is this to say that highest truth, if there is any, cannot ever be known? Or am I misunderstanding you?
By blind I mean that we cannot understand any feature of reality without using a proposition. That is the main difference between us and animal.
Perhaps we might be able to resolve that to at least gain some vital common ground.
Sure, I would be happy to discuss things with you.
 
By blind I mean that we cannot understand any feature of reality without using a proposition. That is the main difference between us and animal.
And by proposition I assume that you mean skmething like “an inquired truth statement/idea”?
Isn’t the highest truth a proposition?
Well, if I’m right on your use of the word proposition, I might say that yes… as are seemingly all things to us men, as that is inherent of ideas I’d say.
 
Could we agree that higher knowledge is structured?
Yes, I’m willing to agree that higher knowledge is structured if its knowledge of said higher truth is itself structured and not the highest truth.
 
Yes, I’m willing to agree that higher knowledge is structured if its knowledge of said higher truth is itself structured and not the highest truth.
Then (3) in proof A of OP is correct since higher knowledge is about the structure in reality.
 
Then (3) in proof A of OP is correct since higher knowledge is about the structure in reality.
I wouldn’t say highest truth and highest knowledge would be structured, as I’ve said. As such, there is no need to rely on what is structured for a being of free choice.
 
I wouldn’t say highest truth and highest knowledge would be structured, as I’ve said. As such, there is no need to rely on what is structured for a being of free choice.
What is highest truth and what it has with the creation?
 
What is highest truth and what it has with the creation?
I would say highest truth is a truth which cannot be reduced to any truth prior to it; it is the truth which all other truths are connected ultimately to, and as such, it is the explanation to all truth.
 
I would say highest truth is a truth which cannot be reduced to any truth prior to it; it is the truth which all other truths are connected ultimately to, and as such, it is the explanation to all truth.
What is it? Moreover, what the highest knowledge has to do with our discussion.
 
Last edited:
What is it?
I have no idea. Maybe existence.
Moreover, what the highest knowledge has to do with our discussion.
So the point I’m trying to make is that a grand enough being need not have to use a knowledge that is composite to create, but instead knowledge which is wholly uncomposite. That I would think requires we recognize a truth which too is not composite, to which I would say there is one; a highest truth. As such, there can be unstructured knowledge.
 
I have no idea. Maybe existence.

So the point I’m trying to make is that a grand enough being need not have to use a knowledge that is composite to create, but instead knowledge which is wholly uncomposite. That I would think requires we recognize a truth which too is not composite, to which I would say there is one; a highest truth. As such, there can be unstructured knowledge.
With all due respect that is not a fair way of discussing.
 
With all due respect that is not a fair way of discussing.
I fail to see whats unfair about what I said. Highest truth is argued for by the format:
P1) All particular truths are reducible to their higher truths
P2) Connected particular truths must share a particular higher truth
P3) All particular truths are connected
C1) Therefore, all particular truths are reducible to a shared highest truth
Me not knowing exactly what the highest truth is does not in any way take away from its existence, but instead shows my ignorance. And to say that because some truth is uncomposite that therefore there can be knowledge which is uncomposite (highest knowledge; not collective knowledge) only follows from definitions. But perhaps there is something to which I neglect or do not understand which, without my awareness, makes my argument either invalid or unsound. If such be the case, let my eyes be opened to this fallaciousness I have taken. If not, then what more have we here?
 
Status
Not open for further replies.
Back
Top