Luman Fidei encyclical letter

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This is the 2nd half or the papal address about the End Times. Please see my post #180 yesterday for the 1st half.

BENEDICT XVI
GENERAL AUDIENCE
St. Peter’s Square
Wednesday, 12 November 2008
Eschatology : the Expectation of the Parusia.


(…continued from my previous post #180. Bolding is by me)

And now, after examining the various aspects of the expectation of Christ’s parusia, let us ask ourselves: what are the basic convictions of Christians as regards the last things: death, the end of the world? Their first conviction is the certainty that Jesus is Risen and is with the Father and thus is with us forever. And no one is stronger than Christ, for he is with the Father, he is with us. We are consequently safe, free of fear. This was an essential effect of Christian preaching. Fear of spirits and divinities was widespread in the ancient world. Today too, missionaries alongside many good elements in natural religions encounter fear of the spirits, of evil powers that threaten us. Christ lives, he has overcome death, he has overcome all these powers. We live in this certainty, in this freedom, and in this joy. This is the first aspect of our living with regard to the future.

The second is the certainty that Christ is with me. And just as the future world in Christ has already begun, this also provides the certainty of hope. The future is not darkness in which no one can find his way. It is not like this. Without Christ, even today the world’s future is dark, and fear of the future is so common. Christians know that Christ’s light is stronger and therefore they live with a hope that is not vague, with a hope that gives them certainty and courage to face the future.

Lastly, their third conviction is that the Judge who returns at the same time as Judge and Saviour has left us the duty to live in this world in accordance with his way of living. He has entrusted his talents to us. Our third conviction, therefore, is responsibility before Christ for the world, for our brethren and at the same time also for the certainty of his mercy. Both these things are important. Since God can only be merciful we do not live as if good and evil were the same thing. This would be a deception. In reality, we live with a great responsibility. We have talents, and our responsibility is to work so that this world may be open to Christ, that it be renewed. Yet even as we work responsibly, we realize that God is the true Judge. We are also certain that this Judge is good; we know his Face, the Face of the Risen Christ, of Christ crucified for us. Therefore we can be certain of his goodness and advance with great courage.

Another element in the Pauline teaching on eschatology is the universality of the call to faith which unites Jews and Gentiles that is, non-Christians as a sign and an anticipation of the future reality. For this reason we can say that we are already seated in Heaven with Jesus Christ, but to reveal the riches of grace in the centuries to come (Eph 2: 6f.), the after becomes a before, in order to show the state of incipient fulfilment in which we live. This makes bearable the sufferings of the present time which, in any case, cannot be compared to the future glory (cf. Rm 8: 18). We walk by faith, not by sight, and even if we might rather leave the body to live with the Lord, what definitively matters, whether we are dwelling in the body or are far from it, is that we be pleasing to him (cf. 2 Cor 5: 7-9).

Finally, a last point that might seem to us somewhat difficult. At the end of his First Letter to the Corinthians, St Paul reiterates and also puts on the lips of the Corinthians a prayer that originated in the first Christian communities in the Palestinian area: Maranà, thà! which means literally, “Our Lord, come!” (16: 22). It was the prayer of early Christianity and also of the last book of the New Testament, Revelation, which ends with it: “Come, Lord Jesus!”. Can we pray like this too? It seems to me that for us today, in our lives, in our world, it is difficult to pray sincerely for the world to perish so that the new Jerusalem, the Last Judgment and the Judge, Christ, may come. I think that even if, sincerely, we do not dare to pray like this for a number of reasons yet, in a correct and proper way,** we too can say, together with the early Christians: “Come, Lord Jesus!”. We do not of course desire the end of the world. Nevertheless, we do want this unjust world to end. We also want the world to be fundamentally changed, we want the beginning of the civilization of love, the arrival of a world of justice and peace, without violence, without hunger**. We want all this, yet how can it happen without Christ’s presence? Without Christ’s presence there will never be a truly just and renewed world. And even if we do so in a different way, we too can and must also say, completely and profoundly, with great urgency and amid the circumstances of our time: "Come, Lord Jesus! Come in your way, in the ways that you know. Come wherever there is injustice and violence. Come to the refugee camps, in Darfur, in North Kivu, in so many parts of the world. Come wherever drugs prevail. Come among those wealthy people who have forgotten you, who live for themselves alone. Come wherever you are unknown. Come in your way and renew today’s world. And come into our hearts, come and renew our lives, come into our hearts so that we ourselves may become the light of God, your presence. In this way let us pray with St Paul: Maranà, thà! “Come, Lord Jesus!” and let us pray that Christ may truly be present in our world today and renew it.
 
I read your last two posts with interest Norwich 12. Will have to think more on it.

In the meantime:-

"And just as the future world in Christ has already begun, this also provides the certainty of hope."

The extract above does connect with the encyclical we are discussing; so is relevant, as we have already touched upon i.e. the use of the term ‘certainty’.

Whereas the extract below speaks of seeking progress towards unity of faith in Jesus.

"Another element in the Pauline teaching on eschatology is the universality of the call to faith which unites Jews and Gentiles that is, non-Christians as a sign and an anticipation of the future reality."

An odd point that came to mind [when I was thinking backwards from what we generally know about our future state in Heaven] related to the certainty that the ‘parousia will come like a thief in the night’. In other words we all know that we cannot know exactly when Christ will come again; but there again why does scripture – and yes even the philosophy of the saints etc. – give us so many clues?

God Bless,
Paduard
 

Paduard – these two selections reveal no warning when the Lord will return;​

For you yourselves know very well that the day of the Lord will come like a thief at night.
1 Thessalonians 5:2​

But the day of the Lord will come like a thief, and then the heavens will pass away with a mighty roar and the elements will be dissolved by fire, and the earth and everything done on it will be found out.
2 Peter 3:10​

But in the visionary last book of the New American Bible, there is a hint to you:​

(“Behold, I am coming like a thief.” Blessed is the one who watches and keeps his clothes ready, so that he may not go naked and people see him exposed.)
Revelation 16:15​

In my next post I will provide a possible answer to your riddle of a series of warnings
versus a complete surprise of the Second Coming of Our Lord…
 
I read your last two posts with interest Norwich 12. Will have to think more on it.

In the meantime:-

"And just as the future world in Christ has already begun, this also provides the certainty of hope."

The extract above does connect with the encyclical we are discussing; so is relevant, as we have already touched upon i.e. the use of the term ‘certainty’.

Whereas the extract below speaks of seeking progress towards unity of faith in Jesus.

"Another element in the Pauline teaching on eschatology is the universality of the call to faith which unites Jews and Gentiles that is, non-Christians as a sign and an anticipation of the future reality."

An odd point that came to mind [when I was thinking backwards from what we generally know about our future state in Heaven] related to the certainty that the ‘parousia will come like a thief in the night’. In other words we all know that we cannot know exactly when Christ will come again; but there again why does scripture – and yes even the philosophy of the saints etc. – give us so many clues?

God Bless,
Paduard

Yes Paduard — Here is a Biblical example of clueless and clued. But I do not know (as a non- scholar) whether this selection is about individual salvation or the Second Coming. Please advise us in the context of your question.
Thank you N12

Gospel of Matthew Chapter 25 verses 1-13 in the New American Bible

1
Then the kingdom of heaven will be like ten virgins who took their lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom.
2
Five of them were foolish and five were wise.
3
The foolish ones, when taking their lamps, brought no oil with them,
4
but the wise brought flasks of oil with their lamps.
5
Since the bridegroom was long delayed, they all became drowsy and fell asleep.
6
At midnight, there was a cry, ‘Behold, the bridegroom! Come out to meet him!’
7
Then all those virgins got up and trimmed their lamps.
8
The foolish ones said to the wise, ‘Give us some of your oil, for our lamps are going out.’
9
But the wise ones replied, ‘No, for there may not be enough for us and you. Go instead to the merchants and buy some for yourselves.’
10
While they went off to buy it, the bridegroom came and those who were ready went into the wedding feast with him. Then the door was locked.
11
Afterwards the other virgins came and said, ‘Lord, Lord, open the door for us!’
12
But he said in reply, ‘Amen, I say to you, I do not know you.’
13
Therefore, stay awake, for you know neither the day nor the hour.
 
“Yes Paduard — Here is a Biblical example of clueless and clued. But I do not know (as a non- scholar) whether this selection is about individual salvation or the Second Coming. Please advise us in the context of your question.
Thank you N12”


I think this speaks primarily about individual salvation. That is not of course to say that those turned away will got to hell etc. but in my opinion that those that have ‘watched well’ will go in and occupy the best seats - or the highest ones if you like. Nevertheless it does also indicate that the parousia will come at any time; in fact if the Father wished it could occur within the next 5 seconds, and that would be that!

Paduard.
 
For me Norwich 12 it would be appropriate at this stage to go back to your previous post-extracts from the Catholic Encyclopaedia [beginning of 20th century] as follows:-

Some are of opinion that heaven is everywhere, as God is everywhere. According to this view the blessed can move about freely in every part of the universe, and still remain with God and see everywhere. Everywhere, too, they remain with Christ (in His sacred Humanity) and with the saints and the angels. For, according to the advocates of this opinion, the spatial distances of this world must no longer impede the mutual intercourse of blessed.
In general, however, theologians deem more appropriate that there should be a special and glorious abode, in which the blessed have their peculiar home and where they usually abide, even though they be free to go about in this world. For the surroundings in the midst of which the blessed have their dwelling must be in accordance with their happy state; and the internal union of charity which joins them in affection must find its outward expression in community of habitation. At the end of the world, the earth together with the celestial bodies will be gloriously transformed into a part of the dwelling-place of the blessed (Revelation 21). Hence there seems to be no sufficient reason for attributing a metaphorical sense to those numerous utterances of the Bible which suggest a definite dwelling-place of the blessed. Theologians, therefore, generally hold that the heaven of the blessed is a special place with definite limits. Naturally, this place is held to exist, not within the earth, but, in accordance with the expressions of Scripture, without and beyond its limits. All further details regarding its locality are quite uncertain. The Church has decided nothing on this subject.


If I remember at the time we spoke of all options being open on such details. So if you proceed backwards so to speak to this text and then advance forward in time so as to incorporate the advances in science since that text was published, you can then attempt to adapt and ascertain in a manner of speaking how the above text might have evolved had it been written say in the 21st century?

God Bless,Paduard
 
For me Norwich 12 it would be appropriate at this stage to go back to your previous post-extracts from the Catholic Encyclopaedia [beginning of 20th century] as follows:-

Some are of opinion that heaven is everywhere, as God is everywhere. According to this view the blessed can move about freely in every part of the universe, and still remain with God and see everywhere. Everywhere, too, they remain with Christ (in His sacred Humanity) and with the saints and the angels. For, according to the advocates of this opinion, the spatial distances of this world must no longer impede the mutual intercourse of blessed.
In general, however, theologians deem more appropriate that there should be a special and glorious abode, in which the blessed have their peculiar home and where they usually abide, even though they be free to go about in this world. For the surroundings in the midst of which the blessed have their dwelling must be in accordance with their happy state; and the internal union of charity which joins them in affection must find its outward expression in community of habitation. At the end of the world, the earth together with the celestial bodies will be gloriously transformed into a part of the dwelling-place of the blessed (Revelation 21). Hence there seems to be no sufficient reason for attributing a metaphorical sense to those numerous utterances of the Bible which suggest a definite dwelling-place of the blessed. Theologians, therefore, generally hold that the heaven of the blessed is a special place with definite limits. Naturally, this place is held to exist, not within the earth, but, in accordance with the expressions of Scripture, without and beyond its limits. All further details regarding its locality are quite uncertain. The Church has decided nothing on this subject.


If I remember at the time we spoke of all options being open on such details. So if you proceed backwards so to speak to this text and then advance forward in time so as to incorporate the advances in science since that text was published, you can then attempt to adapt and ascertain in a manner of speaking how the above text might have evolved had it been written say in the 21st century?

God Bless,Paduard

Thank you Paduard—
That is a complex assignment!
I will start with Luke 17:21 which is the question of the
Location of the Kingdom of God.
It all hinges on what prepostion is used in each Bible
translation.
The choices are AMONG YOU or WITHIN YOU.
I will present a list of biblical versions tomorrow.
 
LUKE 17:21

NEW AMERICAN BIBLE

“…and no one will announce, ‘Look, here it is,’ or, ‘There it is.’ For behold, the kingdom of God is among you.”

NEW JERUSALEM BIBLE

“…For, you must know, the kingdom of God is among you.”
 
LUKE 17:21

DOUAY- RHEIMS 1899 American Edition

“Neither shall they say: Behold here, or behold there. For lo, the kingdom of God is within you.”

KING JAMES VERSION

“Neither shall they say, Lo here! or, lo there! for, behold, the kingdom of God is within you.”
 
LUKE 17:21

DOUAY- RHEIMS 1899 American Edition

“Neither shall they say: Behold here, or behold there. For lo, the kingdom of God is within you.”

KING JAMES VERSION

“Neither shall they say, Lo here! or, lo there! for, behold, the kingdom of God is within you.”
Yes Norwich 12 - my bible reads the same.

However you may have a problem here, for we have been referring to Heaven - not kingdom…?

Paduard
 
Yes Norwich 12 - my bible reads the same.

However you may have a problem here, for we have been referring to Heaven - not kingdom…?

Paduard

Thank you Paduard. I always give you credit for knowing much more theology than I do!

So I read up on the terms “Kingdom of God " and " Kingdom
of Heaven,”

I was happy to read in multiple places that the terms are equivalent.
For instance this paragraph below is from an article on the bibletopics.com
website where the two kingdom titles are compared.

“Very few people know that the Kingdom of God and the Kingdom of Heaven are exactly equivalent, with no difference in meaning. Only Matthew uses the title Kingdom of Heaven, as the table below reveals. Below, in the left hand column, is every instance where the phrase “kingdom of heaven” occurs in the New Testament. As you can see, this phrase is unique to Matthew. Nowhere else in the Bible does the phrase “kingdom of heaven” occur. In the right hand column are those instances where parallel passages exist outside of Matthew.”

But your wisdom and education won out over my limited knowledge.
In the latter part of the article it was pointed out that Heaven was not the same as Kingdom of Heaven.

The Kingdom of Heaven/God came down from Heaven where God rules.
Heaven is the City described in the last two chapters of Revelation: the New Jerusalem.

I must leave to you to lead us from here…
 
Thank you for your reply Norwich 12.

I can assure you that I am not being particularly wise at all here; all I am trying to do at the moment is to focus on the terms we have already discussed. In this case the passage from the Catholic Encyclopaedia which is contained above.

So in this respect I just keep to what has been transcribed there i.e. mention of Heaven. There is no mention at all of Kingdom.There was however mention of Heaven being a ‘place’.

So for my sins I am only considering (a) Heaven and not entering into (b) kindom of this, or kingdom of that.

Best Wishes,
Paduard.
 
Thank you for your reply Norwich 12.

I can assure you that I am not being particularly wise at all here; all I am trying to do at the moment is to focus on the terms we have already discussed. In this case the passage from the Catholic Encyclopaedia which is contained above.

So in this respect I just keep to what has been transcribed there i.e. mention of Heaven. There is no mention at all of Kingdom.There was however mention of Heaven being a ‘place’.

So for my sins I am only considering (a) Heaven and not entering into (b) kindom of this, or kingdom of that.

Best Wishes,
Paduard.

Paduard – Let us start with a paragraph from the Catechism of the Catholic Church as presented in the
website of CatholicCulture.org:

1027 This mystery of blessed communion with God and all who are in Christ is beyond all understanding and description. Scripture speaks of it in images: life, light, peace, wedding feast, wine of the kingdom, the Father’s house, the heavenly Jerusalem, paradise: “no eye has seen, nor ear heard, nor the heart of man conceived, what God has prepared for those who love him.”
 

Paduard – Let us start with a paragraph from the Catechism of the Catholic Church as presented in the
website of CatholicCulture.org:

1027 This mystery of blessed communion with God and all who are in Christ is beyond all understanding and description. Scripture speaks of it in images: life, light, peace, wedding feast, wine of the kingdom, the Father’s house, the heavenly Jerusalem, paradise: “no eye has seen, nor ear heard, nor the heart of man conceived, what God has prepared for those who love him.”
Fair enough Norwich 12 - the Catechism is rightly concerned with scripture and in particular its emphasis in this respect is underpinned by the text from St.Paul. However I submit to you that we are dealing here with philosophy - not theological dogma - but concerning concepts that to quote “The Church has decided nothing on this matter”.

Paduard.
 
Fair enough Norwich 12 - the Catechism is rightly concerned with scripture and in particular its emphasis in this respect is underpinned by the text from St.Paul. However I submit to you that we are dealing here with philosophy - not theological dogma - but concerning concepts that to quote “The Church has decided nothing on this matter”.

Paduard.

Thank you Paduard.
For that challenge I will rely on the philosophy and mystical thoughts of the
great 13th Century Franciscan, Saint Bonaventure.

Over the next few days I will present paragraphs from his magnificent work:
JOURNEY OF THE MIND INTO GOD.

There we can learn about Heaven .
 
View attachment 19379

Journey of the Mind into God

Itinerarium Mentis ad Deum
Saint Bonaventura: 1221-1274

(From the Crossroads Initiative website)

CHAPTER FOUR

OF THE REFLECTION OF GOD IN HIS IMAGE REFORMED BY THE GIFTS OF GRACE
  1. The image of our mind must therefore be clothed also in the three
    theological virtues by which the soul is purified, illuminated, and
    perfected; and thus the image is repaired and is made like the heavenly
    Jerusalem and part of the Church militant, which, according to the Apostle,
    is the child of the heavenly Jerusalem. For he says: “But that Jerusalem
    which is above is free, which is our mother” [Gal., 4, 26]. Therefore the
    soul which believes in, hopes in, and loves Jesus Christ, Who is the Word
    incarnate, uncreated, and spirated, that is, the way and the truth and the
    life, where by faith he believes in Christ as in the uncreated Word, which
    is the Word and the splendor of the Father, he recovers spiritual healing
    and vision: hearing to receive the lessons of Christ, vision to look upon
    the splendor of His light. When, however, he yearns with hope to receive
    the spirated Word, through desire and affection he recovers spiritual
    olfaction. When he embraces the incarnate Word in charity, as one receiving
    from Him delight and passing into Him through ecstatic love, he recovers
    taste and touch. When these senses are recovered, when he sees his spouse
    and hears, smells, tastes, and embraces Him, he can sing like the Bride a
    Canticle of Canticles, as was done on the occasion of this fourth stage of
    contemplation, which no one knoweth but he that receiveth it [Apoc., 2,
    17]. For it occurs in affective experience rather than in rational
    consideration. On this level, when the inner senses are renewed in order to
    perceive the highest beauty, to hear the highest harmony, smell the highest
    fragrance, taste the highest delicacy, apprehend the highest delights, the
    soul is disposed to mental elevation through devotion, wonder, and
    exultation, in accordance with those three exclamations which are in the
    Canticle of Canticles. Of these the first arises from the abundance of
    devotion, by which the soul becomes like a pillar of smoke of aromatic
    spices, of myrrh and frankincense [Cant., 3, 6]; the second, from the
    excellence of wonder, by which the soul becomes as the dawn, the moon, and
    the sun, like the series of illuminations which suspend the soul in wonder
    as it considers its spouse; the third, from the superabundance of
    exultation, by which the soul, overflowing with the sweetest delight, leans
    totally upon its beloved [Cant., 8, 5].

To be continued showing Paragraph 4 of Chapter 4.
 
JOURNEY OF THE MIND INTO GOD – BY ST. BONAVENTURE

(from the Crossroads Initiative website)

Chapter 4, Paragraph 4 (continued from my post yesterday)

  1. When this is accomplished, our spirit is made hierarchical to mount
    upward through its conformity to the heavenly Jerusalem, into which no one
    enters unless through grace it has descended into his heart, as John saw in
    his Apocalypse [21, 2]. But then it descends into one’s heart when, by the
    reformation of the image through the theological virtues and through the
    delights of the spiritual senses and ecstatic elevation, our spirit has
    been made hierarchical, that is, purged, illuminated, and perfected.
    Likewise the soul is stamped by the following nine steps when it is
    disposed in an orderly way: perception, deliberation, self-impulsion,
    ordination, strengthening, command, reception, divine illumination, union,[1]
    which one by one correspond to the nine orders of angels, so that the first
    three stages correspond to nature in the human mind, the next three to
    industry, and the last three to grace.[2] With these acquired, the soul,
    entering into itself, enters into the heavenly Jerusalem, where,
    considering the orders of the angels, it sees God in them, Who living in
    them causes all their operations. Whence Bernard said to Eugenius that–
“God in the seraphim loves as Charity, in the Cherubim He knows as Truth,
in the Thrones He is seated as Equity, in the Dominations He dominates as
Majesty, in the Principalities He rules as the First Principle, in the
Powers He watches over us as Salvation, in the Virtues He operates as
Virtue, in the Archangels He reveals as Light, in the Angels He aids as
Piety.”[3]

From all of which God is seen to be all in all through the contemplation of
Him in the minds in which He dwells through the gifts of His overflowing
Charity.

Paragraph 5 next…
 
JOURNEY OF THE MIND INTO GOD – SAINT BONAVENTURE

Chapter 4, Paragraph 5

  1. For this grade of contemplation there is especially and outstandingly
    added as a support the consideration of Holy Scripture divinely issued, as
    philosophy was added to the preceding. For Holy Scripture is principally
    concerned with the works of reparation. Wherefore it especially deals with
    faith, hope, and charity, by which the soul is reformed, and most of all
    with charity. Concerning this the Apostle says that the end of the
    Commandments is reached by a pure heart and a good conscience and an
    unfeigned faith *. This is the fulfillment of the Law, as he
    says. And our Saviour adds that all the Law and the Prophets depend upon
    these two Commandments: the love of God and of one’s neighbor. Which two
    are united in the one spouse of the Church, Jesus Christ, Who is at once
    neighbor and God, at once brother and Lord, at once king and friend, at
    once Word uncreated and incarnate, our maker and remaker, the alpha and
    omega. He is the highest hierarch, purging and illuminating and perfecting
    His spouse, the whole Church and any holy soul.

To be continued…

View attachment 19398*
 
JOURNEY OF THE MIND INTO GOD – SAINT BONAVENTURE

Chapter 4, Paragraph 6

. Of this hierarch and this ecclesiastical hierarchy is the entire Holy
Scripture by which we are taught to be purified, illuminated, and
perfected, and this according to the triple law handed down to us in it:
the law of Nature, of Scripture, and of Grace; or rather according to the
triple principal part of it: the Mosaic Law purifying, the prophetic
revelation illuminating, and evangelical teaching perfecting; or above all,
according to the triple spiritual meaning of it–the tropological which
purifies us for an honest life, the allegorical which illuminates us for
the clarity of understanding, the analogical which perfects us by mental
elevation and the most delightful perceptions of wisdom–in accordance with
the three aforesaid theological virtues and the spiritual senses reformed
and the three above-mentioned stages of elevation and hierarchical acts of
the mind, by which our mind retreats into itself so that it may look upon
God in the brightness of the saints [Ps., 109, 3] and in them, as in a
chamber, it may sleep in peace and take its rest [Ps., 4, 9] while the
spouse adjures it that it stir not up till she pleases [Cant., 2, 7].

View attachment 19403
 
JOURNEY OF THE MIND INTO GOD – SAINT BONAVENTURE

Chapter 4, Paragraph 7
  1. Now from these two middle steps, by which we proceed to contemplate God
    within ourselves as in the mirrors of created images–and this as with
    wings opened for flying which hold the middle place–we can understand that
    we are led into the divine by the powers of the rational soul itself placed
    therein by nature as far as their operations, habits, and knowledge are
    concerned, as appears from the third stage. For we are led by the powers of
    the soul reformed by virtues freely granted, by the spiritual senses, and
    by mental elevation, as appears from the fourth stage. We are nonetheless
    led through hierarchical operations, that is, by purgation, illumination,
    and perfection of human minds through the hierarchical revelations of the
    Holy Scriptures given to us, according to the Apostle, through the Angels
    in the hand of a mediator [Gal., 3, 19]. And finally we are led by
    hierarchies and hierarchical orders which are found to be ordered in our
    minds in the likeness of the heavenly Jerusalem.

(The italics are mine to show a transition. Paragraph7 will be my last selection in the process of trying to approach the City of Heaven through the thoughts of St. Bonaventure.
Next I will use the vision of St. John the Apostle to make an appropriate comparison to answer Paduard’s challenge about the final destination of us all).

View attachment 19410
 
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