You mean, if they become Catholics or some kind of Christian? Or can they be “saved” EVEN if they are not baptized, do not go to confession, avoid the clergy and the church… but otherwise they are kind, loving and helpful people. No faith, expressed or implied. No absolution is asked for or given.
All.
We are called not to judge. People misuse the biblical quotes regarding not judging others when they are rectified, but these quotes that correspond to judging others do not mean do not rectify. They do mean, do not judge a person. So, I cannot judge the soul of an atheist. I can try to fight his/hers obstinance etc… or guide them intellectually/spiritually to recognize the existence of God, as all the Catholics who participate on this sub-forum diligently do, but I cannot judge the soul.
So, just because atheists (and non-Catholics in general) can be saved, it does not mean that you (or any particular) will be saved. It can get a little complex rather quickly. Your salvation is between you and God. Only God can judge you as He is all knowing. A person cannot judge another as we do not know the short-comings, reasons, etc… for a person"s behavior etc…
So, there may be an atheist who is an atheist but is so, even after being given ample opportunities to recognize the existence of God but has turned away for reasons foreign to the lack of sufficient reasons to recognize His existence. It also takes two to tango, when a person does good works this brings him closer to God and when a person does evil works, this distances him/her from God. So, on the one hand, you have to seek and on the other, you love your neighbors as yourself.
But, those who are obstinant and do evil, have a harder time if ever they do - at recognizing God exists. Their evil actions serve as a black cloth over their eyes and they are blinded. Moses had to take his sandals off when he approached God, we must do similarly in whatever measure we can to come close to God if only sufficiently to recognize He exists. We need to do away with pride, narcissism, self-love, etc…
Now, I am not saying that those who know God exists are sweet little angels and that is the reason they can come to recognize His existence. Some believers were shown the way to God by their parents and others like Einstein come to recognize it on their own, sometimes the experience is like as if hit by lightening all the knowledge comes together when a newly added piece of the puzzle is presented. Einstein said that (and I paraphrase) he could not but believe God exists after studying the universe he recognized that it could not be an accident but that’s as far as he got, he could not come to understand that God would want to be bothered with creatures so he did not believe in a personal God.
DOGMATIC CONSTITUTION ON THE CHURCH
LUMEN GENTIUM
SOLEMNLY PROMULGATED BY HIS HOLINESS
POPE PAUL VI
ON NOVEMBER 21, 1964
vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html
PASTORAL CONSTITUTION
ON THE CHURCH IN THE
MODERN WORLD
GAUDIUM ET SPES
vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html
Luke 12:48
But the one who does not know and does things deserving punishment will be beaten with few blows. From everyone who has been given much, much will be demanded; and from the one who has been entrusted with much, much more will be asked.
Why did you use the word “avoid”?