Oh, and the relationship between sanctification and justification… Understanding by the words, “counted to him as righteousness,” the external imputation of Christ’s righteousness fails for me because these same words are used in Psalm 106 regarding Phinehas’ righteous
deed: “Phinehas stood up and intervened, and the plague was stayed. And that was
counted to him as righteousness from generation to generation forever” (vv 30-31).
When I put these two texts together, the only thing that makes sense to me is to believe that the righteousness that is “counted” to us is a work of God
in us, an
infused righteousness.
Also, there is much debate about James 2. We do not have to wonder what James is saying because we have other Scripture to interpret for us the words that he uses, “You see that faith was active along with his works, and faith was completed by his works; and the Scripture was fulfilled that says, ‘Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness’—and he was called a friend of God” (vv. 22-23). What does it mean “completed by his works” and “the Scripture was fulfilled”? For Catholics, it means that Abraham was “found faithful *when tested, and it was counted to him as righteousness? *” (1 Macc 2:52; cf. Heb 11:17: “By faith Abraham, when he was tested, offered up Isaac…”). When was Abraham’s faith counted to him as righteousness? When he offered up his beloved son! And so we necessarily conclude that, for James, justification unto salvation is in view.
According to Hebrews 11, the faith of Abraham was pleasing to God when “he was called to go out to a place that he was to receive as an inheritance. And he went out, not knowing where he was going. By faith he went to live in the land of promise” (vv 8-9). If justification is a one-time event, then this poses a serious dilemma. Catholic apologists often point this out, and I think that it is a good point to make. These verses are describing Abraham’s condition in Genesis chapter 12. But the justification of Abraham that Paul picks up on in Romans 4 deals with his state in Genesis chapter 15. How could he be living by a faith that is held out to Christians as one commended to us if he was not already justified by that faith in Genesis 12? And yet, if justification is a one-time event, then he was not justified until Genesis 15. This strongly suggests to me, if not proves, that Abraham grew in his justification before God, from Genesis 12 forward, as he offered his “members to God as instruments for righteousness” and became a slave “of obedience, which leads to righteousness” (Rom 6:13; 16). All of this of course being “the free gift of God”! (Rom 6:23)
All of these passages suggest to me that justification is a process over the course of our lives, and that the basis of this justification is “the righteousness of God that depends on faith” (Phil 3:9) that God works in us: “Christ
in you, the hope of glory” (Col 1:27).
With the love of Christ,
Pete