You mean that celibacy is not a vow?
Secular priests, also known as diocesan priests or institute priests such as SPXX or FSSP, Maryknoll, Opus Dei, Christ the King and several others, do not make a vow of celibacy. They are secular men. They make a simple promise of celibacy the day they are ordained deacons. This promise can be dispensed by the Church.
The Church has dispensed it for married ministers who convert to Catholicism and become priests. They may be married, as long as the marriage takes place before ordination. The Church does not require celibacy for priests in the Eastern rites. They too must be married before they are ordained deacons. You may never marry after ordination.
In the case of religious, those who belong to a religious order or a religoius congregation, we make a vow of celibacy, not a promise. A vow is a deeper bond to live in communion with Christ as the only spouse. Our religious family replaces our biological family. The community is my family, just as the wife and kids is the family of the typical Catholic.
If a religious brother, monk or friar violates the vow of celibacy he can receive absolution and continue his life. The vow is not terminated because one sins against chastity. The sin is confessed and you go on, as with any other sin. However, if you persist in the sin, such as living with a person in a relationship, you incur an automatic excommunication.
A secular priest does not incur an excommunication because he persists in living with someone. He is suspended, but he remains within the physical Church. This is possible, because he has not made a solemn vow. He has made a promise. He is still in a state of grave sin. This is the key point here.
When you make a vow of celibacy, you not only give up marriage and family, but you also take on a new family, the religious community that you have joined. When you do something like Father Albert did, you not only injure yourself and the people you serve, but you also commit an sin of grave injustice against your religiious community. Your community has the right to claim your love, your fidelity, your life, your cooperation and participation until death.
There is the difference between a promise of celibacy and a vow of celibacy.
By the way, secular priests do not make a vow of obedience either. They make a promise of obedience to the local bishop. Religioius make a solemn vow of obedience. This places more demands on the person and requires a detachment from self, self will, and self determination. Secular priests give up some self determination in terms of assignment and anything regarding their ministry. They retain control over their spiritual life, control over their self-will in matters that are not related to ministry, and self-determination in terms of the spirituality that they choose to follow.
As a Franciscan, I can’t choose to follow a Benedictine spirituality. I can admire and use many of Benedict’s teachings, as long as they are not in conflict with Franciscan tradition. I cannot decide for myself what to wear, how much money I need, what I have in my room, when I leave or enter the house, where I go and with whom, when I take vacation or where, how often I visit my family, even though I’m a widower and father of two adult children. I cannot make commitments or promises without permission. I cannot decide to change my job or my ministry. I cannot decide if I want to be a priest. Those decisions are made by my brothers and superior. I simply obey. The only control that I have is over matters of conscience. This is the case for every religious in a vow of obedience. The religious community has statutes that explicitly state what the person can do on his own and when he must get permission. The intensity and situations vary from one religious order to another.
For example, in my community, I would not be able to go to the beach and meet a woman. I would have to get permission to go to the beach, in the first place. Father Albert does not have that kind of vow of obedience. As a diocesan priest, he is free to decide with whom he associates, where he goes in his spare time and with whom. The bishop can set some guidelines, that is always his right. But bishops have to be very careful not to set so many guidelines that they turn secular priests into religious. They must protect the priest’s secular status.
I hope this helps.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF
