Someone sins.
God imposes a punishment on the person doing the sin.
The punishments are spiritual and temporal.
Where did I go wrong here? This is not complicated.
So, let’s look at Adam and Eve.
They sinned.
God imposed a punishment on them. Kicked out of Garden. Increased labor pains. Work for a living with the sweat of the brow. Reasoning is messed up, and darkened.
Those are temporal punishments.
There was a spiritual punishment: Deprived of grace.
Again, where did I go wrong here?
Then we suffer the same exact punishment that Adam and Eve did. We are held temporally responsible for their sins.
The Catechism refers to “The consequences of Adam’s sin for humanity”.
Adam and Eve
Adam and Eve received the punishment for their actual sin. Human nature was elevated for Adam and Eve which was a gift. Genesis 2:15 says that God created the first man and subsequently put him in paradise. Adam was not created there but placed there. Original sin for Adam and Eve is actual sin so they lost their elevated nature gift and gift of .
Descendants
Descendants do not have have elevated nature and are not placed in Eden designed for those with elevated nature. It is not possible to loose a gift that you never had and descendants never had the gifts.
Actual Punishment
For the descendants, original sin is analogical sin, so original sin any idea of punishment for analogical sin is analogical punishment not actual punishment. The Church teaches that God could have created man without supernatural or praeter-natural gifts, but not in a condition of sin, as shown by Pope Pius V rejection of the assertion of Baius to the contrary.
Catechism of the Catholic Church
404 How did the sin of Adam become the sin of all his descendants? The whole human race is in Adam “as one body of one man”.293 By this “unity of the human race” all men are implicated in Adam’s sin, as all are implicated in Christ’s justice. Still, the transmission of original sin is a mystery that we cannot fully understand. But we do know by Revelation that Adam had received original holiness and justice not for himself alone, but for all human nature. By yielding to the tempter, Adam and Eve committed a personal sin, but this sin affected the human nature that they would then transmit in a fallen state.294 It is a sin which will be transmitted by propagation to all mankind, that is, by the transmission of a human nature deprived of original holiness and justice. And that is why original sin is called “sin” only in an analogical sense: it is a sin “contracted” and not “committed” - a state and not an act.
405 Although it is proper to each individual,295 original sin does not have the character of a personal fault in any of Adam’s descendants. It is a deprivation of original holiness and justice, but human nature has not been totally corrupted: it is wounded in the natural powers proper to it, subject to ignorance, suffering and the dominion of death, and inclined to sin - an inclination to evil that is called concupiscence". Baptism, by imparting the life of Christ’s grace, erases original sin and turns a man back towards God, but the consequences for nature, weakened and inclined to evil, persist in man and summon him to spiritual battle.