J
JimR-OCDS
Guest
I understand your explanation of “worship” in the theological context. Well done!You are using a term univocally that is being used equivocally. While in English (and especially the Catholic Encyclopedia which uses an archaic form of English) we only have the word worship. However, in liturgical theology met with common American English worship proper is only what St. Augustine calls latria. The CE also cites what St. Augustine calls dulia and hyperdulia. In current English this is not termed worship as the CE has it but rather we now use the term honor and “highest honor” in what the CE calls “contingent forms of worship.”
What you seem to not understand is that worship proper only happens in the Divine Liturgy for one specific reason. Worship, by necessity, cannot be separated from sacrifice. It is only in the offering of Sacrifice that full and authentic worship is accomplished.
Just like the order of worship under the New Covenant was given to us for our edification so too was the order of worship under the Old Covenant. Both were equally given and both were equally given for the sake of the people. The difference is the efficacious nature of the New over the Old. However, under both the primary object is not man but God. This is essential to having a proper Catholic understanding of worship. In theology we use the word object in a very specific way. For instance when an arrow is shot at a target we say that the object of the arrow was the target. In a sense it speaks to the Final Cause. In the play of the Mass we find that God is both the object and the end to which it is directed. This is the reason why a majority of the words of the Mass are not spoken to man but to God. Without taking the time to go into a detailed study of the nature and parts of the Mass (any Divine Liturgy) there is a part that is the focus on man to dispose them to enter into and participate in the Sacrifice of the New Covenant. When the Canon of the Mass begins, however, a radical shift is made which transitions the plane of the Mass to a totally vertical nature.
I would suggest some good works on Liturgical Theology focused specifically on the Mass.
First and foremost “Spirit of the Liturgy” by Romano Guardini
the “Spirit of the Liturgy” by Joseph Ratzinger
“Wellspring of Worship” by Jean Corbon
These are nice places to start and are very accessible in their language as opposed to some of the other works on the Liturgy that I would also like to suggest.
If you would like some serious reading the “bible” of the Liturgy is called “Theological Dimensions of the Liturgy” by Dom Cyprian Vagaggini. It is about 1000 pages of a systematic study of the liturgy and it has no peer among the works concerning its topic.
However, it doesn’t negate what I’ve been saying all along, that the Mass is a gift to us.
Jim